Sensors in the Stream: The High-Frequency Wave of the Present
Sensors in the Stream: The High-Frequency Wave of the Present
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.6b02155
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发表时间：
2016-10-04
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Jomaa, Seifeddine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rode, Michael;Wade, Andrew J.;Jomaa, Seifeddine
新的科学理解是由新技术催化的，这些技术提高了测量精度、分辨率或类型，并提供了新的工具来测试和发展理论。在过去的50年里，技术已经改变了水文科学，使直接测量流域通量（蒸散，流量）的时间尺度和空间范围与物理驱动器的变化一致。越来越多地通过现场水质传感器获得的高频水质测量正在扩展这一转变。广泛使用的传感器的一些物理（温度）和化学（电导率，溶解氧）属性已成为不可或缺的水生科学，和新兴的传感器的营养物质，溶解CO，浊度，藻类色素和溶解有机物，现在使流域和溪流的观测在时间尺度上，与其基本的水文，能量，元素和生物驱动程序。在这里，我们综合了一系列应用中新兴技术的见解，并展望了未来的进步，传感器使我们能够理解，预测和恢复流域和河流系统。
New scientific understanding is catalyzed by novel technologies that enhance measurement precision, resolution or type, and that provide new tools to test and develop theory. Over the last 50, years, technology has transformed the hydrologic sciences by enabling direct measurements of watershed fluxes (evapotranspiration, stream flow) at time scales and spatial extents aligned with variation in physical drivers. High frequency water quality measurements, increasingly obtained by in situ water quality sensors, are extending that transformation. Widely available sensors for some physical (temperature) and chemical (conductivity, dissolved oxygen) attributes have become integral to aquatic science, and emerging sensors for nutrients, dissolved CO, turbidity, algal pigments, and dissolved organic matter are now enabling observations of watersheds and streams at time scales, commensurate with their fundamental hydrological, energetic, elemental, and biological drivers. Here we synthesize insights from emerging technologies across a suite of applications, and envision future advances, enabled by sensors, in our ability to understand, predict, and restore watershed and stream systems.