Functional Dissection of the m6A RNA Modification.
Functional Dissection of the m6A RNA Modification.
复制标题
M6A RNA修饰的功能解剖。
DOI：
10.1016/j.tibs.2016.12.004
复制
发表时间：
2017-02
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Kalantry S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huisman B;Manske G;Carney S;Kalantry S
过去三十年的大量工作已经证实，DNA和组蛋白的化学修饰与DNA代谢的各个方面密切相关，尤其是转录。除了染色质成分外，RNA也被化学修饰[1]。n6 -甲基腺苷（m6A） RNA修饰是近年来广泛流行的RNA标记。m6A于20世纪70年代首次被发现，存在于许多真核生物和一些病毒中，是许多RNA物种的特征，包括mrna、tRNAs、rnas、snrna和lncRNAs[1,2]。尽管分布广泛，但给m6A分配一个功能性角色仍然是难以捉摸的。为此，Deepak Patil、Samie Jaffrey及其同事最近的一项研究有趣地发现，m6A核苷酸图谱最多的哺乳动物RNA是x非活性特异性转录物（Xist） lncRNA[3]。Xist RNA对X染色体失活至关重要，通过沉默雌性b[4]两条X染色体上的大多数基因，使雄性和雌性哺乳动物之间的X连锁基因表达平衡。
Much work over the past three decades has established that chemical modifications of DNA and histones are intimately linked with various facets of DNA metabolism, most notably transcription. In addition to chromatin components, RNA has long been known to be chemically modified [1]. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification has recently emerged as a widely prevalent RNA mark [2]. First discovered in the 1970s, m6A is found in many eukaryotes, as well as in some viruses, and is a feature of many RNA species, including mRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, snRNAs, and lncRNAs [1, 2].Although broadly distributed, assigning a functional role to m6A has remained elusive. To this end, a recent study by Deepak Patil, Samie Jaffrey, and colleagues has intriguingly found that the mammalian RNA with the most mapped m6A nucleotides is the X-inactive specific transcript (Xist) lncRNA [3]. Xist RNA is essential for X-chromosome inactivation, which equalizes X-linked gene expression between male and female mammals by silencing most genes on one of the two X chromosomes in females [4].