Bacteria elicit a phage tolerance response subsequent to infection of their neighbors
Bacteria elicit a phage tolerance response subsequent to infection of their neighbors
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DOI：
10.15252/embj.2021109247
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发表时间：
2021-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Elhanan Tzipilevich;Osher Pollak-Fiyaksel;Bushra Shraiteh;S. Ben-Yehuda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Elhanan Tzipilevich;Osher Pollak-Fiyaksel;Bushra Shraiteh;S. Ben-Yehuda
菌苔上出现的噬斑表明噬菌体感染的连续轮。然而，细菌进化出的限制斑块扩散的机制几乎没有被探索过。在这里，我们研究了动态的菌斑发展的溶菌感染的细菌枯草芽孢杆菌。我们报告说，菌斑扩张后，由于细菌生长到斑块区的收缩阶段。这种现象是由适应性过程引起的，本文称为“噬菌体耐受性反应”，由位于噬菌斑边缘的未感染细菌在感测到其邻居的感染时引起。暂时的噬菌体耐受性由应激反应RNA聚合酶σ因子σX执行，主要通过激活dlt操纵子，dlt操纵子编码催化细胞壁磷壁酸聚合物的D-丙氨酰化的酶，磷壁酸聚合物是细菌感染革兰氏阳性细菌的主要附着位点。D-丙氨酰化阻止噬菌体结合，从而阻止感染，从而使未感染的细菌能够形成抵抗噬菌斑扩散的保护屏障。
Plaque occurrence on a bacterial lawn manifests successive rounds of bacteriophage infection. Yet, mechanisms evolved by bacteria to limit plaque spread have been hardly explored. Here we investigated the dynamics of plaque development by lytic phages infecting the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. We report that plaque expansion is followed by a constriction phase owing to bacterial growth into the plaque zone. This phenomenon is caused by an adaptive process, herein termed “phage tolerance response”, elicited by non-infected bacteria located at the plaque rim upon sensing infection of their neighbors. The temporary phage-tolerance is executed by the stress response RNA polymerase sigma factor σX, primarily through activation of the dlt operon, encoding enzymes that catalyze D-alanylation of cell wall teichoic acid polymers, the major attachment sites for phages infecting Gram-positive bacteria. D-alanylation impedes phage binding and hence infection, thus enabling the uninfected bacteria to form a protective shield opposing plaque spread.