Contamination of barley seeds with Fusarium species and their toxins in Spain: an integrated approach
Contamination of barley seeds with Fusarium species and their toxins in Spain: an integrated approach
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DOI：
10.1080/19440049.2012.743040
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Patino, B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gil-Serna, J.;Mateo, E. M.;Patino, B.
镰刀菌属是一种全球性分布的真菌属，包括对谷物等作物致病的不同物种。这些镰刀菌属物种中的一些也可以产生对动物和人类有毒的化合物。在这项工作中，最重要的镰刀菌毒素的存在下，从西班牙大麦种子，根据欧盟的要求进行采样确定。所获得的结果进行了比较，与存在的产霉菌的物种被认为是负责他们的合成，通过使用物种特异性聚合酶链反应协议。采用高效液相色谱法分析了伏马菌素B1和B2、玉米赤霉烯酮、A型二孢霉烯（T-2和HT-2）和B型二孢霉烯（脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇）。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮分别在72%和38%的大麦样品中检测到，在所有情况下的水平低于欧盟的限制。然而，34%的样本中同时出现两种毒素，这表明应评估这两种真菌毒素的协同活性。雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和HT-2/T-2分别在17%和10%的样品中检出。伏马菌素发生在34%的样品中的水平高达300？μ g/kg。这表明它们可能代表西班牙大麦中的风险，据我们所知，这是该国大麦中存在伏马菌素的第一份报告。用种特异性聚合酶链反应检测产毒素镰刀菌，结果表明，产毒素镰刀菌与产毒素镰刀菌之间存在非常一致的相关性。轮枝菌检测和伏马菌素污染以及F.大麦样品中存在禾谷镰刀菌和玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇污染。本研究中使用的方法提供了大麦真菌毒素污染的信息，以及负责其生产的真菌种类的鉴定。采用当前聚合酶链反应检测策略检测菌种可预测该基质中的潜在真菌毒素风险。
Fusarium is a globally distributed fungal genus that includes different species pathogenic to cereals among others crops. Some of these Fusarium species can also produce toxic compounds towards animals and humans. In this work, the presence of the most important Fusarium toxins was determined in barley seeds from Spain, sampled according to European Union requirements. The results obtained were compared with the presence of mycotoxigenic species considered responsible for their synthesis by using species-specific polymerase chain reaction protocols. Fumonisins B1 and B2, zearalenone, trichothecenes type A (T-2 and HT-2) and trichothecenes type B (deoxynivalenol and nivalenol) were analysed by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were detected in 72% and 38% of the barley samples, respectively, at levels below European Union limits in all cases. However, the co-occurrence of both toxins in 34% of the samples suggested that synergistic activity of these two mycotoxins should be evaluated. Nivalenol and HT-2/T-2 were detected at low levels in 17% and 10% of the samples, respectively. Fumonisins occurred in 34% of the samples at levels up to 300?mu g/kg. This suggested that they might represent a risk in Spanish barley, and to our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of fumonisins in barley in this country. The species-specific polymerase chain reaction assays to detect mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species showed a very consistent correlation between F. verticillioides detection and fumonisin contamination as well as F. graminearum presence and zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and nivalenol contamination in barley samples. The approach used in this study provided information of mycotoxin contamination of barley together with the identification of the fungal species responsible for their production. Detection of the species with the current polymerase chain reaction assay strategy may be considered predictive of the potential mycotoxin risk in this matrix.