Snack frequency, size, and energy density are associated with diet quality among US adolescents.
Snack frequency, size, and energy density are associated with diet quality among US adolescents.
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DOI：
10.1017/s1368980023001635
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发表时间：
2023-11
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Fisher, Jennifer Orlet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tripicchio, Gina L.;Bailey, Regan L.;Davey, Adam;Croce, Christina M.;Fisher, Jennifer Orlet
评估美国青少年的零食和饮食质量。横断面分析使用两次 24 小时饮食回忆的平均值，检查零食频率（零食/天）、大小（千卡/零食）和能量密度（千卡/克/零食）作为饮食质量的预测因子。使用健康饮食指数（HEI-2015，0-100）、摄入不足的营养素（钾、纤维、钙、维生素 D）的平均充足率（MAR，0-100）以及过度消耗的营养素（添加糖、饱和脂肪、钠）的建议限值的平均百分比来评估饮食质量。线性回归模型检查了总零食、纯食品零食和纯饮料零食，作为饮食质量的预测因子，根据人口特征和估计的能量报告准确性进行调整。 2007-2018 年全国健康与营养检查调查。 12-19 岁青少年（n 4985）。吃零食的频率与较高的 HEI-2015 相关（β = 0·7 (0·3)，P < 0·05），但也与较高的过度消耗营养素摄入量相关（β = 3·0 (0·8)，P ≤ 0·001）。零食份量与较低的 HEI (β = –0·005 (0·001), P ≤ 0·001) 和 MAR (β = –0·005 (0·002), P < 0·05) 以及较高的过度消耗营养素摄入量 (β = 0·03 (0·005), P ≤ 0·001) 相关。仅食品和仅饮料零食的协会有所不同。仅食物零食频率与较高的 HEI-2015 相关（β = 1·7 (0·03)，P ≤ 0·001），而仅食物零食大小（β = –0·006 (0·0009)，P ≤ 0·001）和仅食物零食能量密度（β = –1·1 (0·2)，P ≤ 0·001）与较低 HEI-2015 相关。相反，仅饮料零食频率（β = 4·4 (2·1) P < 0·05）和仅饮料零食量（β = 0·03 (0·01)，P ≤ 0·001）与过量摄入营养素的较高摄入量相关。少量、频繁、能量密度较低的纯零食与青少年较高的饮食质量相关；作为零食食用的饮料与摄入过多的营养物质有关。
To evaluate snacking and diet quality among US adolescents. Cross-sectional analysis examined snack frequency (snacks/day), size (kcal/snack) and energy density (kcal/g/snack) as predictors of diet quality using the mean of two 24-h dietary recalls. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015, 0–100), a mean adequacy ratio (MAR, 0–100) for under-consumed nutrients (potassium, fibre, Ca, vitamin D) and mean percentage of recommended limits for over-consumed nutrients (added sugar, saturated fat, Na). Linear regression models examined total snacks, food only snacks and beverage only snacks, as predictors of diet quality adjusting for demographic characteristics and estimated energy reporting accuracy. 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Adolescents 12–19 years (n 4985). Snack frequency was associated with higher HEI-2015 (β = 0·7 (0·3), P < 0·05) but also with higher intake of over-consumed nutrients (β = 3·0 (0·8), P ≤ 0·001). Snack size was associated with lower HEI (β = –0·005 (0·001), P ≤ 0·001) and MAR (β = –0·005 (0·002), P < 0·05) and higher intake of over-consumed nutrients (β = 0·03 (0·005), P ≤ 0·001). Associations differed for food only and beverage only snacks. Food only snack frequency was associated with higher HEI-2015 (β = 1·7 (0·03), P ≤ 0·001), while food only snack size (β = –0·006 (0·0009), P ≤ 0·001) and food only snack energy density (β = –1·1 (0·2), P ≤ 0·001) were associated with lower HEI-2015. Conversely, beverage only snack frequency (β = 4·4 (2·1) P < 0·05) and beverage only snack size (β = 0·03 (0·01), P ≤ 0·001) were associated with higher intake of over-consumed nutrients. Smaller, frequent, less energy-dense food only snacks are associated with higher diet quality in adolescents; beverages consumed as snacks are associated with greater intake of over-consumed nutrients.