Beyond Fear, Extinction, and Freezing: Strategies for Improving the Translational Value of Animal Conditioning Research.
Beyond Fear, Extinction, and Freezing: Strategies for Improving the Translational Value of Animal Conditioning Research.
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超越恐惧、灭绝和冷冻：提高动物调理研究转化价值的策略。
DOI：
10.1007/7854_2023_434
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cain,ChristopherK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cain,ChristopherK
尽管在理解巴甫洛夫恐惧调节和消退的神经生物学方面取得了巨大进展，但转化神经科学在治疗焦虑方面取得的成功有限。本章探讨了这样一种观点，即条件范式对翻译的影响不大，因为对动物和人类的研究在一些重要方面存在偏差。例如，动物条件研究通常使用迫在眉睫的威胁，通过单一行为措施（例如冻结）来评估短期恐惧状态，而人类研究通常通过生理（例如皮肤电导）和自我报告措施来评估较弱或较长的焦虑状态。前进的道路可能是对条件性焦虑现象进行更多的动物研究，测量更复杂环境中的动态行为和生理反应。探索灭绝、迫在眉睫的威胁和威胁后恢复期间防御性大脑状态之间的转变可能特别有用。如果注意调整范式、威胁级别和措施，这种策略可能会揭示动物和人类无意识防御的稳定模式，这些模式与有意识的焦虑更好地相关。这种焦点的转变也是有道理的，因为焦虑是比恐惧更大的问题，即使是在由功能失调的恐惧或恐慌反应定义的疾病中也是如此。
Translational neuroscience for anxiety has had limited success despite great progress in understanding the neurobiology of Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction. This chapter explores the idea that conditioning paradigms have had a modest impact on translation because studies in animals and humans are misaligned in important ways. For instance, animal conditioning studies typically use imminent threats to assess short-duration fear states with single behavioral measures (e.g., freezing), whereas human studies typically assess weaker or more prolonged anxiety states with physiological (e.g., skin conductance) and self-report measures. A path forward may be more animal research on conditioned anxiety phenomena measuring dynamic behavioral and physiological responses in more complex environments. Exploring transitions between defensive brain states during extinction, looming threats, and post-threat recovery may be particularly informative. If care is taken to align paradigms, threat levels, and measures, this strategy may reveal stable patterns of non-conscious defense in animals and humans that correlate better with conscious anxiety. This shift in focus is also warranted because anxiety is a bigger problem than fear, even in disorders defined by dysfunctional fear or panic reactions.