How “Transitions” Reshaped Human Rights: A Conceptual History of Transitional Justice
How “Transitions” Reshaped Human Rights: A Conceptual History of Transitional Justice
复制标题
“转型”如何重塑人权：转型正义的概念史
DOI：
10.1353/hrq.0.0069
复制
发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
P. Arthur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Arthur
本文阐明了过渡司法领域的起源及其初步的概念界限。我认为，这一领域是在20世纪80年代末开始出现的，这是人权活动人士在阿根廷等国面临新的实际情况的结果，在这些国家，威权政权已被更民主的政权取代。从“点名羞辱”转向对人权活动人士过去虐待行为的问责是在国际层面上进行的，把政治变革作为“向民主过渡”的重点，有助于使那些优先考虑法律机构改革和回应的正义诉求--例如惩罚领导人、审查滥用安全部队、用真相和透明度取代国家保密--的合法性，而不是其他面向社会正义和再分配的正义诉求。最后，我讨论了这些最初的概念界限自那以来得到测试和扩展的许多方式。
This article clarifies the origins of the field of transitional justice and its preliminary conceptual boundaries. I argue that the field began to emerge in the late 1980s, as a consequence of new practical conditions that human rights activists faced in countries such as Argentina, where authoritarian regimes had been replaced by more democratic ones. The turn away from “naming and shaming” and toward accountability for past abuse among human rights activists was taken up at the international level, where the focus on political change as “transition to democracy” helped to legitimate those claims to justice that prioritized legal-institutional reforms and responses—such as punishing leaders, vetting abusive security forces, and replacing state secrecy with truth and transparency—over other claims to justice that were oriented toward social justice and redistribution. I end by discussing the many ways in which these initial conceptual boundaries have since been tested and expanded.