Emerging important roles of circRNAs in human cancer and other diseases.
Emerging important roles of circRNAs in human cancer and other diseases.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gendis.2020.07.012
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Ren H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang Y;Zhang C;Xiong J;Ren H
CircRNA是一类不同于其他线性RNA的内源性单链RNA，其通过外显子、内含子或外显子-内含子两者的反向剪接和融合成共价闭合环而产生。CircRNA存在于几乎所有生物体中，并已成为影响所有生命活动的潜在重要参与者。该基因具有结构稳定、抗RNA降解、高丰度、高保守性和组织特异性表达等特点。早期的circRNA被认为是无意义的异常切割RNA的副产品，几乎没有生物学功能。目前，circRNA因其独特的特性成为研究热点。CircRNA具有海绵状的miRNA、干扰剪接、与蛋白质结合调节亲本基因的表达等功能，近年来越来越多的研究表明，circRNA与一系列生理病理过程密切相关。此外，circRNA在多种疾病的发生和发展中起着重要作用，这表明circRNA可能是癌症和与其相关的其他疾病的新指标或生物标志物。本文就circRNA的生物学起源、生物学功能及其在人类疾病中的研究进展作一综述。这些结果将为circRNA在疾病诊断和治疗中的作用和新思路提供新的见解，并为未来circRNA的应用提供可能的方向和方法。
CircRNAs are a large class of endogenous single-stranded RNA that is different from other linear RNA, which are produced by back-splicing and fusion of either exons, introns, or both exon-intron into covalently closed loops. CircRNAs are found in almost all living organisms and have emerged as potentially important players effecting on all life activities. It was characterized by stable structure, resistant to RNA degradation, highly abundance and conservation and tissue-specific expression. Early circRNAs were ignored as a by-product of meaningless abnormally cut RNA and had little biological function. Currently, circRNAs have become a research hotspot due to its special characteristics. CircRNAs could function as miRNA sponges, interfere with splicing and bind to protein to regulate the expression of parental genes and so on. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have revealed that circRNAs are closely related to a series of physiological and pathological processes. Additionally, circRNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases, suggesting circRNAs may be as novel indicators or biomarkers for cancer and other diseases with which they are associated. In this article, we review the biogenesis, biological functions of circRNAs and recent advances in circRNAs research in human diseases. Results will provide new insights on the roles and new ideas of circRNAs for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and possible directions and approach for future circRNA applications.
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