Impact of high-temperature stress on rice plant and its traits related to tolerance
Impact of high-temperature stress on rice plant and its traits related to tolerance
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高温胁迫对水稻植株及其耐性相关性状的影响
DOI：
10.1017/s0021859611000360
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Wang, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shah, F.;Huang, J.;Wang, K.
据预测，到21世纪末，气温将上升2-4摄氏度，这将对水稻生产构成威胁。夜间高温的影响比白天或日平均温度更具破坏性。孕穗期和开花期是对高温最敏感的阶段，这有时可能导致完全不育。在温度升高的情况下，湿度在提高小穗不育性方面也起着至关重要的作用。水稻种质间对温度胁迫的响应存在显著差异。开花时间较凉爽，花粉活力较高，花药较大，基部裂开较长，基部气孔较长，这些都是耐高温的表型标志。结构蛋白、酶和膜的保护以及热休克蛋白（HSPs）的表达是一些能够赋予耐热性的生化过程。这些性状应在今后培育耐热品种的育种计划中加以积极利用。用耐热品种替代热敏感品种、调整播种时间、选择生长期可避免高峰胁迫期的品种以及外源施用植物激素是一些适应性措施，这些措施将有助于缓解由于全球变暖导致的预测产量下降。
The predicted 2-4 degrees C increment in temperature by the end of the 21st Century poses a threat to rice production. The impact of high temperatures at night is more devastating than day-time or mean daily temperatures. Booting and flowering are the stages most sensitive to high temperature, which may sometimes lead to complete sterility. Humidity also plays a vital role in increasing the spikelet sterility at increased temperature. Significant variation exists among rice germplasms in response to temperature stress. Flowering at cooler times of day, more pollen viability, larger anthers, longer basal dehiscence and presence of long basal pores are some of the phenotypic markers for high-temperature tolerance. Protection of structural proteins, enzymes and membranes and expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) are some of the biochemical processes that can impart thermo-tolerance. All these traits should be actively exploited in future breeding programmes for developing heat-resistant cultivars. Replacement of heat-sensitive cultivars with heat-tolerant ones, adjustment of sowing time, choice of varieties with a growth duration allowing avoidance of peak stress periods, and exogenous application of plant hormones are some of the adaptive measures that will help in the mitigation of forecast yield reduction due to global warming.