Neuroglia in Psychiatric Disorders.
Neuroglia in Psychiatric Disorders.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-77375-5_1
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
在二十世纪，神经精神障碍已经被认为是唯一的神经元为中心的观点，认为神经元作为病理过程的关键细胞元素。由于对大脑功能有了更好的理解，这一教条受到了挑战，尽管还远未完成，但已经揭示了神经元和神经胶质之间存在的相互作用的复杂性。神经胶质细胞代表神经（星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞）和非神经（小胶质细胞）起源的细胞的高度异质性群体，分布在中枢神经系统中。神经胶质细胞的多样性反映了神经胶质细胞支持神经系统功能的无数功能。神经胶质功能的异常执行有助于神经精神病理学的发展。可以说，所有类型的神经胶质细胞都与神经病理学有关;然而，近年来星形胶质细胞受到特别关注，因为它们的多效性功能使它们在维持大脑内稳态中起决定性作用。本章描述了星形胶质细胞在健康的中枢神经系统中的多种作用，并讨论了神经精神疾病中星形胶质细胞反应的多样性，这表明靶向星形胶质细胞可能是一种有效的治疗策略。
In the twentieth century, neuropsychiatric disorders have been perceived solely from a neurone-centric point of view, which considers neurones as the key cellular elements of pathological processes. This dogma has been challenged thanks to the better comprehension of the brain functioning, which, even if far from being complete, has revealed the complexity of interactions that exist between neurones and neuroglia. Glial cells represent a highly heterogeneous population of cells of neural (astroglia and oligodendroglia) and non-neural (microglia) origin populating the central nervous system. The variety of glia reflects the innumerable functions that glial cells perform to support functions of the nervous system. Aberrant execution of glial functions contributes to the development of neuropsychiatric pathologies. Arguably, all types of glial cells are implicated in the neuropathology; however, astrocytes have received particular attention in recent years because of their pleiotropic functions that make them decisive in maintaining cerebral homeostasis. This chapter describes the multiple roles of astrocytes in the healthy central nervous system and discusses the diversity of astroglial responses in neuropsychiatric disorders suggesting that targeting astrocytes may represent an effective therapeutic strategy.