Design and performance of microlith implemented projectiles during the Middle and the Late Epipaleolithic of the Levant: experimental and archaeological evidence
Design and performance of microlith implemented projectiles during the Middle and the Late Epipaleolithic of the Levant: experimental and archaeological evidence
复制标题
黎凡特旧石器时代中期和晚期细石器实施的射弹的设计和性能：实验和考古证据
DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2009.09.050
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
M. Weinstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Yaroshevich;D. Kaufman;Dmitri Nuzhnyy;O. Bar‐Yosef;M. Weinstein
这项研究包括一个实验为基础的调查之间的相互作用，在晚更新世在黎凡特的microlithic工具的形态和转换的弹丸技术的时间变化。射箭实验与不同设计的箭头配备了不同类型的细石器代表随后的黎凡特文化允许分析性能的箭头的能力，确定特定的hafting模式的特点，弹丸损坏类型，检测因素影响的频率弹丸损坏和估计的频率预计将被发现在考古样本中的弹丸损坏。从几何Kebaran和Natufian网站在以色列的考古细石器的分析中应用的实验获得的数据表明不同的方法来设计适合这些文化的细石器特征的弹丸。设计上的转变，与向定居点和广谱经济过渡等重要的经济和社会转型有关，可能反映了对轻型、灵活和高效的射弹武器的需求，这些武器需要较低的准备和改装时间和劳动力投资。在人口密度不断增长的条件下使用这种高效武器，以及纳图菲人狩猎采集者可利用的限制区域，可以被认为是可能影响全新世早期随后向粮食生产过渡的因素之一。
The study comprises an experimentally based investigation of interaction between temporal change in the morphology of microlithic tools and transformations in projectile technology during the Late Pleistocene in the Levant. Archery experiments with differently designed arrows fitted with various types of microliths representing subsequent Epipaleolithic cultures of the Levant allowed analyzing performance abilities of the arrows, identifying projectile damage types characteristic of particular hafting modes, detecting factors influencing the frequency of projectile damage and estimating the frequency of projectile damage expected to be found in archaeological samples. The data obtained through the experiments applied in the analysis of the archaeological microliths from Geometric Kebaran and Natufian sites in Israel indicate different approaches to the design of projectiles fitted with microliths characteristic for these cultures. The shift in design, associated with such important economic and social transformations as transition to sedentary settlements and a broad-spectrum economy, may reflect a demand for light, flexible and efficient projectile weapons requiring low time and labor investment for preparation and retooling. The use of such efficient weapons in conditions of growing population density and restricted areas available for Natufian hunter–gatherers can be considered as one of the factors that could have affected the subsequent transition to food production that took place in the early Holocene.