Soil Moisture Observations From Shortwave Infrared Channels Reveal Tornado Tracks: A Case in 10–11 December 2021 Tornado Outbreak
Soil Moisture Observations From Shortwave Infrared Channels Reveal Tornado Tracks: A Case in 10–11 December 2021 Tornado Outbreak
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DOI：
10.1029/2023gl102984
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发表时间：
2023-03
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Jingyu Wang;Yun Lin;G. McFarquhar;E. Park;Y. Gu;Qiong Su;R. Fu;Kee Wei Lee;Tianhao Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jingyu Wang;Yun Lin;G. McFarquhar;E. Park;Y. Gu;Qiong Su;R. Fu;Kee Wei Lee;Tianhao Zhang
基于卫星的龙卷风后评估已广泛用于龙卷风路径的检测，这在很大程度上依赖于通过可见光和近红外通道的观察来识别植被变化。在2021年12月10日至11日致命的龙卷风爆发期间，一系列猛烈的龙卷风首先袭击了阿肯色州东北部，该地区以农田为主，冬季植被覆盖率很低。通过对中分辨率成像光谱仪多光谱观测的检查，这项研究揭示了该地区短波红外通道上的显著疤痕，但没有被可见光和近红外通道捕获。主要的土壤类型是含水层（变性土之一），其高粘粒含量很好地保存了龙卷风过境期间土壤结构的严重变化，当最上层土壤被移走，下面的土壤具有较高的水分含量暴露在空气中。这项研究提出了一种快速的龙卷风后评估方法，在植被较少的地区，通过使用短波红外通道。
Satellite‐based post‐tornado assessments have been widely used for the detection of tornado tracks, which heavily relies on the identification of vegetation changes through observations at visible and near‐infrared channels. During the deadly 10–11 December 2021 tornado outbreak, a series of violent tornadoes first touched down over northeastern Arkansas, an area dominated by cropland with rare vegetation coverage in winter. Through the examination of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer multi‐spectral observations, this study reveals significant scars on shortwave infrared channels over this region, but none are captured by visible and near‐infrared channels. The dominant soil type is aquert (one of vertisols), whose high clay content well preserves the severe changes in soil structure during the tornado passage, when the topmost soil layer was removed and underlying soil with higher moisture content was exposed to the air. This study suggests a quick post‐tornado assessment method over less vegetated area by using shortwave infrared channels.