Feasibility of subcritical fluid technology to stabilize archaeological copper alloy artifacts.

Feasibility of subcritical fluid technology to stabilize archaeological copper alloy artifacts.
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亚临界流体技术稳定考古铜合金文物的可行性。

DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
D. Watkinson
D. Watkinson
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
L. Näsänen;Lisa Kasprzok;S. Crétté;N. G. González;D. Watkinson

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一个博士学位涉及克莱姆森大学 (USA)和卡迪夫大学（英国）正在调查的潜力， 亚临界流体技术在处理古铜中的应用 沃伦·拉施保护中心的合金。报告的工作 这里研究了温度、pH值和时间对 含氯化合物铜铜矿（CuCl）、斜氯铜矿1 （铜2 （OH）3 Cl）和氯铜矿（Cu 2 （OH）3 C），其中后两者 也称为三羟基氯化物。这些化合物 单独压缩成颗粒，使用碳酸钙 （碳酸钙） ）作为粘合剂，并在必要时进行连续 碳酸钠（Na 2 CO3 0.01%（w/w）（pH 10） 和碳酸氢钠（NaHCO 3 0.00193%（w/w）（pH 8） 亚临界条件下的解决方案。运行了不同的样本集 在130°C、180°C和230°C下反应1和5小时。对洗脱液进行采样， 氯化物含量在选定的时间值。x射线衍射和 用显微拉曼光谱研究了化合物 在治疗过程中发生的变化。Nantokite和 在所有处理中，氯铵石释放了显著量的氯化物 环境.两者都发生了不同程度的转变 化合物取决于参数。南托克石转变为 赤铜矿（Cu 2 O）和三羟基氯化铜（Cu 2 （OH）3 C.当 氯铜矿转变为铜铁矿（CuO）。显著量的 在斜长石处理的沉淀物中检测到的氯化物 可归因于残留氯化钠（NaCl）， 合成，因为没有检测到组成变化，表明 与其多晶型体氯铜矿不同的行为。水解 在高相对湿度下的钠钙石产生氯铜矿， 斜氯铜矿，它物理上破坏了铜绿， 客体美学转化为非反应性化合物， 亚临界条件为开发预测性 遗产部门的循证治疗方案。
A PhD involving collaboration between Clemson University (USA) and Cardiff University (UK) is investigating the potential of subcritical fluid technology in the treatment of heritage copper alloys at the Warren Lasch Conservation Center. The work reported here examines the impact of temperature, pH and time on the chloride bearing compounds nantokite (CuCl), clinoatacamite1 (Cu2 (OH)3 Cl) and atacamite (Cu2 (OH)3 Cl), of which the latter two are also referred to as trihydroxychlorides. These compounds were individually compressed into pellets, using calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) as a binder where necessary and subjected to continuous fixed flow of sodium carbonate (Na2 CO3 ) 0.01 percent (w/w) (pH 10) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ) 0.00193 percent (w/w) (pH 8) solutions in subcritical conditions. Differing sample sets were run at 130°C, 180°C and 230°C for 1 and 5 hours. Eluate was sampled for chloride content at selected values of time. X-Ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate compound transformations that occurred during treatments. Nantokite and atacamite released significant amounts of chloride in all treatment environments. Varying degrees of transformation occurred for both compounds depending on parameters. Nantokite transformed to cuprite (Cu2 O) and copper trihydroxychloride (Cu2 (OH)3 Cl) while atacamite transformed to tenorite (CuO). Significant amounts of chloride detected in the eluate from clinoatacamite treatments could be assigned to residual sodium chloride (NaCl) from its synthesis as no compositional changes were detected, suggesting differing behavior from its polymorph atacamite. Hydrolysis of nantokite in high relative humidity produces atacamite and clinoatacamite, which physically disrupts patinas and alters the object aesthetics. Conversion to unreactive compounds in subcritical conditions offers the basis for developing a predictive evidence-based treatment option for the heritage sector.