Adaptive Management for Ecosystem Services at the Wildland-Urban Interface
Adaptive Management for Ecosystem Services at the Wildland-Urban Interface
复制标题
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3407579
复制
发表时间：
2020-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Robin Kundis Craig;J. B. Ruhl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robin Kundis Craig;J. B. Ruhl
管理荒地-城市界面（WUI）是一个被广泛认识的土地利用问题，受到地块、管理权限和治理任务与目标的破碎地理的困扰。在这一领域工作的人提出了各种方法来管理这个接口，从非正式治理到承包到保险。然而，到目前为止，这些学者还没有完全接受WUI的动态性、不确定性和复杂性，也就是说，它是一个复杂的适应系统。在几乎完全集中在这个界面的管理，以控制野火，这种奖学金在很大程度上忽略了一个因素，即猖獗的野火本身是入侵到重要的生态系统服务的界面两侧的产品。在许多情况下，人们倾向于向荒地扩张，不仅是为了经济（更便宜的住房），而且还因为在界面处容易获得的一系列生态系统服务，包括美学，更清洁的环境和娱乐机会。正如野火问题充分表明的那样，当生态系统功能的其他方面侵入他们的生活时，这些定居者就会感到不安，但这些入侵不仅包括野火灾害，还包括疾病，过敏原和野生动物等更有害的问题。因此，WUI的开发可以产生多方面的愿望，以控制生态系统功能的几个“不受欢迎”的方面，同时促进居民期望的生态系统服务，使线路两侧的土地使用管理复杂化，线路本身经常移动或转变为过渡或缓冲区。换句话说，仅仅关注野火可能会过度简化一个日益复杂的管理问题，并产生重大的政策影响。虽然我们不能，也不会试图解决所有这些政策问题，在这篇文章中，我们建议，适应性管理可能提供一种机制，以处理管理不断变化的生态系统功能和服务的复杂性，在WUI，即使当-也许特别是因为-私人土地和荒地通常受到不同的土地使用制度。我们开始与适应性管理的概述，然后讨论破碎景观管理的困难，但常见的情况。然后，我们探索适应性管理的潜力，以帮助在不断变化的世界中谈判这个破碎的景观，从野火管理的经典问题开始，但也提出了可能的扩展。
Managing the wildland-urban interface (WUI) is a widely-recognized land use problem plagued by a fractured geography of land parcels, management jurisdictions, and governance mandates and objectives. People who work in this field have suggested a variety of approaches to managing this interface, from informal governance to contracting to insurance. To date, however, none of these scholars have fully embraced the dynamism, uncertainty, and complexity of the WUI — that is, its status as a complex adaptive system. In focusing almost exclusively on the management of this interface to control wildfire, this scholarship largely ignores the factor that rampant wildfire is itself the product of incursions into important ecosystem services on both sides of the interface. In many cases, people tend to expand out towards the wildland not just for economics (cheaper housing) but also because of a suite of ecosystem services that are readily accessible at the interface, including aesthetics, a cleaner environment, and recreational opportunities. As the wildfire problem amply demonstrates, these settlers then become upset when other aspects of ecosystem function invade their lives, but those invasions include not just wildfire disasters but also more pernicious problems such as diseases, allergens, and wildlife. As such, development at the WUI can create a multifaceted desire to control several "undesirable" aspects of ecosystem function while simultaneously promoting the ecosystem services that residents desire, complicating land use management on both sides of a line that is itself often moving or transforming into a transition or buffer zone. To focus solely on wildfire, in other words, may oversimplify an increasingly complex management problem with significant policy implications. While we cannot and will not attempt to resolve all of these policy issues in this article, we do propose that adaptive management may provide a mechanism for dealing with the complexity of managing changing ecosystem functions and services at the WUI, even when — and perhaps especially because — the private lands and wildlands are usually subject to different land use regimes. We begin with an overview of adaptive management, then discuss the hard but common case of fractured landscape management. We then explore the potential for adaptive management to help negotiate this fractured landscape in a changing world, starting with the classic issue of wildfire management but also suggesting possible expansions.