Mindfulness and Psychological Status of Japanese Yoga Practitioners: a Cross-Sectional Study
Mindfulness and Psychological Status of Japanese Yoga Practitioners: a Cross-Sectional Study
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DOI：
10.1007/s12671-014-0288-0
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Kawai, Nobuyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miyata, Hiromitsu;Okanoya, Kazuo;Kawai, Nobuyuki
越来越多的证据表明，以冥想为基础的心理练习会使心理状态发生令人满意的变化。很少有人知道日本长期从业者是如何观察到情绪的多个方面的持久变化的。这项研究采用横断面设计，调查了一群日本瑜伽练习者的正念和相关心理功能，这些人经常练习古典哈他瑜伽、呼吸技巧以及基于注意力的集中冥想。培训时间为0.3~34.0年。参与者完成了五份既定的日本版问卷，每一份都涉及正念、主观幸福感、抑郁、积极/消极情绪和同理心。与年龄和性别匹配的对照组参与者相比，瑜伽练习者自我报告在正念、幸福感、积极情感和同理心方面的得分显著较高，而在抑郁和消极情感方面的得分较低。在练习者中，练习瑜伽/冥想的时间和数量，无论年龄大小，都预示着在正念和幸福感方面的得分更高，而在抑郁、负面情绪和同理心方面的得分更低。总体而言，这些数据表明，日本冥想者的心理状态与持续练习瑜伽有关。文中还讨论了与不同文化和其他传统习俗进行比较的意义。
A growing body of evidence suggests that meditation-based mental practices cause desirable changes to the psychological status. Little is known how enduring changes to multiple aspects of emotions are observed for Japanese long-term practitioners. The present study using a cross-sectional design investigated mindfulness and relevant psychological functions in a population of Japanese yoga practitioners, who routinely practiced classical hatha yoga, breathing techniques, as well as focused attention-based meditation. Training period ranged from 0.3 to 34.0 years. Participants completed a battery of five established Japanese versions of questionnaires, each of which concerned mindfulness, subjective well-being, depression, positive/negative affect, and empathy. Compared with age- and sex-matched control participants, yoga practitioners self-reported significantly higher scores on mindfulness, well-being, positive affect, and empathy, and lower scores on depression and negative affect. Among the practitioners, period and amount of yoga/meditation practice, regardless of ages, predicted higher scores on mindfulness and well-being and lower scores on depression, negative affect, and empathy. These data overall suggest desirable psychological status associated with continued yoga practice among Japanese contemplatives. Implications for comparisons with different cultures and with other traditional practices are discussed.