Housework Now Takes Much Less Time: 85 Years of us Rural Women's Time Use
Housework Now Takes Much Less Time: 85 Years of us Rural Women's Time Use
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DOI：
10.1093/sf/sow073
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Harms, Teresa Atttracta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gershuny, Jonathan;Harms, Teresa Atttracta
根据她对美国农业部收集的美国家庭主妇1924-32周时间使用日记的分析，Vanek（1974）得出结论，在过去的半个世纪里，家务劳动时间并没有减少-尽管许多“节省时间”的家庭技术已经扩散。虽然经常受到质疑，但这种说法仍然存在于部分社会学文献中;我们使用新的证据来反驳它。（其中许多现在已经从美国国家档案馆恢复），以及来自美国遗产时间使用研究的最新日记微观数据，揭示了一对明确而相反的趋势：妇女的核心家务劳动（做饭和打扫卫生）持续减少，但育儿和购物时间的增加部分抵消了这一减少。在1920年和1930年的美国联邦人口普查中，超过93%的美国农业部日记作者的姓名和地址都附在原始日记上。对来自这一来源的家庭和个人层面的信息进行分析（瓦哈卡分解）表明，大多数历史时间转移不是由于家庭人口结构的变化或妇女在这一时期对有偿工作的日益依恋，而是由于“行为”的变化，部分反映了节省劳动力的家庭技术的传播。
Based on her analysis of published tables from US homemakers' 1924-32 week-long time use diaries collected by the US Department of Agriculture, Vanek (1974) concluded that housework time had not declined over the previous half-century-despite the diffusion of many "time-saving" home technologies. Although frequently challenged, this claim still survives in parts of the sociological literature; we use newly available evidence to refute it. Analysis of the original USDA diaries (many of which have now been recovered from the US National Archives), alongside more recent diary microdata from the American Heritage Time Use Study, reveals a pair of clear and contrary trends: a continuing decline in women's core housework (cooking and cleaning), partially offset by an increase of time in childcare and shopping. Names and addresses attached to the original diaries allow the identification of more than 93 percent of the USDA diarists in one or both of the 1920 and 1930 US Federal Censuses. Analysis (Oaxaca decomposition) of the household-and individual-level information from this source shows that most of the historical time shifts result not from changes in family demography or women's growing attachment to paid work over this period but from "behavioral" change, reflecting in part the spread of labor-saving domestic technology.