Gridded emissions of air pollutants for the period 1970-2012 within EDGAR v4.3.2
Gridded emissions of air pollutants for the period 1970-2012 within EDGAR v4.3.2
复制标题
DOI：
10.5194/essd-10-1987-2018
复制
发表时间：
2018-10-26
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Janssens-Maenhout, Greet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crippa, Monica;Guizzardi, Diego;Janssens-Maenhout, Greet
新版全球大气研究排放数据库(EDGAR v4.3.2)汇编了气态和颗粒状空气污染物排放量，使用了用于估算温室气体排放量的相同人为部门、时间段(1970-2012年)和国际活动数据，如一篇配对论文(Janssens-Maenhout等人，2017年)所述。除大规模生物质燃烧和土地利用、土地利用变化和林业外，所有人类活动都包括在排放量计算中。世界上所有国家都始终如一地采用自下而上的具体部门排放量汇编方法，提供了方法上的透明度和各国之间的可比性。除了用于估算温室气体排放量的活动数据外，空气污染物排放量还取决于工艺技术和管道末端减排措施。从最近可获得的科学文献和报告中选择了特定区域的排放系数和减排措施。与EDGAR以前的版本相比，EDGAR v4.3.2数据集涵盖了所有气态和颗粒性空气污染物，扩展了时间序列(1970-2012)，并通过排放时间序列的质量控制和质量保证(QC和QA)程序进行了评估(例如，颗粒物-PM-质量平衡，填补缺失数据的空白，国家随时间的分裂，排放系数的很少更新等)。和网格地图(全面覆盖世界，用特定部门的指标完整绘制Edgar排放量地图，等等)。这本出版物主要关注气态空气污染物CO，NOx，SO2，总非甲烷挥发性有机化合物(NMVOCs)，NH3，以及气溶胶PM10，PM2.5，黑碳(BC)和有机碳(OC)。考虑到1970-2012年期间，全球SO2排放量从99公吨增加到103公吨，CO从441公吨增加到562公吨，NOx从68公吨增加到122公吨，NMVOC从119公吨增加到170公吨，NH3从25公吨增加到59公吨，PM10从37公吨增加到65公吨，PM2.5从24公吨增加到41公吨，BC从2.7公吨增加到4.5公吨，有机碳从9公吨增加到11公吨。我们介绍了具体国家的排放总量，并分析了较大的排放国家(包括欧盟)，以提供对主要部门贡献的见解。此外，还列出了人均和人均国内生产总值排放量以及隐含的排放系数--单位生产或能源消耗的表观排放量。我们发现，与高收入国家相比，低收入国家的隐含排放因子(EFS)更高，但从1970年到2012年，这两种情况下的隐含排放因子都有所下降。与其他全球清单的比较，如空气污染半球传输清单(HTAP v2.2)和社区排放数据系统(CEDS)，揭示了数据修订(如活动数据、排放系数等)的不确定性和影响。作为一个额外的衡量标准，我们按部门、地区和时间分析了一些污染物与二氧化碳的排放比率(例如，CO=CO2、NOx=CO2、NOx=CO和SO2=CO2)，以确定空气污染物排放与能源生产活动的任何脱钩，并展示这些比率与卫星排放数据进行比较的可能性。我们还提供了1970年至2012年历史时间序列的网格排放量，使用更新的空间代理按26个人为部门进行分类。热点随时间的演变分析使我们能够确定排放不断增长的地区以及为了改善全球空气质量而应该限制排放的地区(例如，中国、印度、中东和一些南美国家通常具有高排放地区的特征，这些地区的变化迅速，而欧洲或美国的排放稳定或减少)。部门和组件对网格单元排放的具体贡献可能有助于模型界和卫星界将大气柱状物的数量和浓度分解为主要排放部门。这项工作不仅涉及排放清单和模型界，而且还旨在扩大诸如EDGAR这样的全球排放清单中现有信息的有用性，使之也包括测量界。数据通过EDGAR网站http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=432_AP在线公开提供，并在https://doi.org/10.2904/JRC_DATASET_EDGAR.下注册
The new version of the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v4.3.2) compiles gaseous and particulate air pollutant emissions, making use of the same anthropogenic sectors, time period (1970-2012), and international activity data that is used for estimating GHG emissions, as described in a companion paper (Janssens-Maenhout et al., 2017). All human activities, except large scale biomass burning and land use, land-use change, and forestry are included in the emissions calculation. The bottom-up compilation methodology of sector-specific emissions was applied consistently for all world countries, providing methodological transparency and comparability between countries. In addition to the activity data used to estimate GHG emissions, air pollutant emissions are determined by the process technology and end-of-pipe emission reduction abatements. Region-specific emission factors and abatement measures were selected from recent available scientific literature and reports. Compared to previous versions of EDGAR, the EDGAR v4.3.2 dataset covers all gaseous and particulate air pollutants, has extended time series (1970-2012), and has been evaluated with quality control and quality assurance (QC and QA) procedures both for the emission time series (e.g. particulate matter - PM - mass balance, gap-filling for missing data, the split-up of countries over time, few updates in the emission factors, etc.) and grid maps (full coverage of the world, complete mapping of EDGAR emissions with sector-specific proxies, etc.). This publication focuses on the gaseous air pollutants of CO, NOx, SO2, total non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), NH3, and the aerosols PM10, PM2.5, black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC). Considering the 1970-2012 time period, global emissions of SO2 increased from 99 to 103 Mt, CO from 441 to 562 Mt, NOx from 68 to 122 Mt, NMVOC from 119 to 170 Mt, NH3 from 25 to 59 Mt, PM10 from 37 to 65 Mt, PM2.5 from 24 to 41 Mt, BC from 2.7 to 4.5 Mt, and OC from 9 to 11 Mt. We present the country-specific emission totals and analyze the larger emitting countries (including the European Union) to provide insights on major sector contributions. In addition, per capita and per GDP emissions and implied emission factors - the apparent emissions per unit of production or energy consumption - are presented. We find that the implied emission factors (EFs) are higher for low-income countries compared to high-income countries, but in both cases decrease from 1970 to 2012. The comparison with other global inventories, such as the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Inventory (HTAP v2.2) and the Community Emission Data System (CEDS), reveals insights on the uncertainties as well as the impact of data revisions (e.g. activity data, emission factors, etc.). As an additional metric, we analyze the emission ratios of some pollutants to CO2 (e.g. CO = CO2, NOx = CO2, NOx = CO, and SO2 = CO2) by sector, region, and time to identify any decoupling of air pollutant emissions from energy production activities and to demonstrate the potential of such ratios to compare to satellite-derived emission data. Gridded emissions are also made available for the 1970-2012 historic time series, disaggregated for 26 anthropogenic sectors using updated spatial proxies.The analysis of the evolution of hot spots over time allowed us to identify areas with growing emissions and where emissions should be constrained to improve global air quality (e.g. China, India, the Middle East, and some South American countries are often characterized by high emitting areas that are changing rapidly compared to Europe or the USA, where stable or decreasing emissions are evaluated). Sector-and component-specific contributions to grid-cell emissions may help the modelling and satellite communities to disaggregate atmospheric column amounts and concentrations into main emitting sectors. This work addresses not only the emission inventory and modelling communities, but also aims to broaden the usefulness of information available in a global emission inventory such as EDGAR to also include the measurement community. Data are publicly available online through the EDGAR website http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=432_AP and registered under https://doi.org/10.2904/JRC_DATASET_EDGAR.