Changes in foraging and predator avoidance behavior of Japanese dace (Pseudaspius hakonensis) to predation risk by invasive smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in a Japanese lake
Changes in foraging and predator avoidance behavior of Japanese dace (Pseudaspius hakonensis) to predation risk by invasive smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in a Japanese lake
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DOI：
10.1007/s10641-021-01166-9
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
M. Peterson;S. Kitano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Peterson;S. Kitano
在日本长野野尻湖有和没有附近捕食者的鲮鱼学校中研究了日本鲮鱼（Pseudaspius hakonensis）的觅食和捕食者躲避行为。鲮鱼和入侵性小口黑鲈（Micropterus dolomieu）是观察到的唯一捕食者，人们发现它们在海岸线浅层栖息地相互作用。当小口黑鲈在附近时，鲮鱼表现出明显不同的总觅食、觅食模式和躲避捕食者的行为。总觅食量显着减少，觅食模式从主要是底栖觅食转变为水柱觅食，鲮鱼的训练更加紧密，这表明最近邻居距离显着减少，邻居排列增加。这些发现表明，在野尻湖，鲮鱼将小口黑鲈识别为捕食者，并利用捕食者回避行为。然而，当小口黑鲈在附近时，鲮鱼觅食总量严重减少，这表明即使避免了直接捕食，觅食减少和警惕性提高的间接影响也可能对鲮鱼的生长和生存产生负面影响。
Japanese dace (Pseudaspius hakonensis) foraging and predator avoidance behaviors were studied in dace schools with and without vicinity predators in Lake Nojiri, Nagano Japan. Dace and invasive smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), which were the only predator observed, were found interacting in shallow habitat along the shoreline. Dace exhibited remarkably different total foraging, foraging modes, and predator avoidance behavior when smallmouth bass were in vicinity. Total foraging was significantly reduced, foraging mode shifted from predominantly benthic foraging to water column foraging, and dace schooled tighter indicated by a significant decrease in nearest neighbor distance and increase in neighbor alignment. These findings show that in Lake Nojiri, dace recognize smallmouth bass as a predator and utilize predator avoidance behaviors. However, the severely decreased total dace foraging when smallmouth bass are in vicinity indicates that even when direct predation is avoided, the indirect effects of reduced foraging and heightened vigilance likely negatively impact dace growth and survival.