Pesticide pollution in freshwater paves the way for schistosomiasis transmission
Pesticide pollution in freshwater paves the way for schistosomiasis transmission
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-60654-7
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发表时间：
2020-02-27
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Liess, Matthias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becker, Jeremias M.;Ganatra, Akbar A.;Liess, Matthias
血吸虫病是一种被严重忽视的热带疾病，由吸虫引起，由淡水蜗牛传播。众所周知，蜗牛对农业农药的耐受性很高。然而，很少有人注意到农药污染在血吸虫病流行地区的生态后果，那里的人们与未经消毒的淡水密切接触。在对维多利亚湖沿岸肯尼亚内陆地区进行的补充性实验室和实地研究中，我们发现农药污染是增加寄主蜗牛发生的主要驱动因素，从而增加了血吸虫病传播的风险。在实验室中，蜗牛对常见杀虫剂的耐受性比相关的无脊椎动物更高，特别是对新烟碱类吡虫啉和有机磷二嗪农。在野外，我们在48个地点证明了蜗牛只存在于以农药污染和富营养化为特征的栖息地。我们的分析表明，不敏感的蜗牛比它们不那么宽容的竞争对手占优势。该研究首次表明，在野外，环境风险评估中被认为是“安全”的农药浓度对人类健康有间接影响。因此，我们得出结论，有必要重新考虑低农药浓度的环境风险，并将农业缓解措施整合到血吸虫病控制中。
Schistosomiasis is a severe neglected tropical disease caused by trematodes and transmitted by freshwater snails. Snails are known to be highly tolerant to agricultural pesticides. However, little attention has been paid to the ecological consequences of pesticide pollution in areas endemic for schistosomiasis, where people live in close contact with non-sanitized freshwaters. In complementary laboratory and field studies on Kenyan inland areas along Lake Victoria, we show that pesticide pollution is a major driver in increasing the occurrence of host snails and thus the risk of schistosomiasis transmission. In the laboratory, snails showed higher insecticide tolerance to commonly found pesticides than associated invertebrates, in particular to the neonicotinoid Imidacloprid and the organophosphate Diazinon. In the field, we demonstrated at 48 sites that snails were present exclusively in habitats characterized by pesticide pollution and eutrophication. Our analysis revealed that insensitive snails dominated over their less tolerant competitors. The study shows for the first time that in the field, pesticide concentrations considered "safe" in environmental risk assessment have indirect effects on human health. Thus we conclude there is a need for rethinking the environmental risk of low pesticide concentrations and of integrating agricultural mitigation measures in the control of schistosomiasis.