Gender differences in health: results from SHARE, ELSA and HRS
Gender differences in health: results from SHARE, ELSA and HRS
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DOI：
10.1093/eurpub/ckq022
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Sole-Auro, Aida
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Crimmins, Eileen M.;Kim, Jung Ki;Sole-Auro, Aida
背景：我们研究了11个欧洲国家、英国和美国50岁及以上人群健康状况的性别差异。研究方法：我们使用的健康，老龄化和退休调查（共享）的11个欧洲大陆国家，老龄化的英国纵向研究（艾尔莎）和健康和退休研究（HRS）的美国检查性别差异的健康行为，功能问题，残疾，疾病患病率和自我评价的健康。结果如下：在所有国家，女性比男性更有可能患有致残性、非致命性疾病，包括功能问题[比值比（OR）表明女性的影响为1.57-2.43]、IADL困难（OR 1.45-2.94）、关节炎（OR 1.46-2.90）和抑郁症状（OR 1.45-3.35）。另一方面，自报心脏病在男性中更为常见（表明女性影响的OR范围为0.43至0.86）。这些差异并没有通过控制吸烟行为和体重来消除。自我报告的高血压（OR 0.72-1.53）通常在女性中更常见;中风和糖尿病没有表现出一致的性别差异。虽然妇女对健康的主观评估较差，但如果控制了功能、残疾和疾病指标，情况就不一样了。结论：在这13个国家中，健康方面的性别差异方向具有显著的一致性。在许多情况下，差异的大小受到男女行为相似性的影响。
Background: We examine gender differences in health at ages 50 years and older in 11 European countries, England and the USA. Methods: We use the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) for 11 Continental European countries; the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) for the USA to examine gender differences in health behaviours, functioning problems, disability, disease prevalence and self-rated health. Results: Women in all countries are more likely than men to have disabling, non-lethal conditions including functioning problems [odds ratio (OR) indicating the effect of female is 1.57-2.43], IADL difficulties (OR 1.45-2.94), arthritis (OR 1.46-2.90) and depressive symptoms (OR 1.45-3.35). On the other hand, self-reported heart disease is more common among men (OR indicating effect of female ranges from 0.43 to 0.86). These differences are not eliminated by controlling for smoking behaviour and weight. Self-reported hypertension (OR 0.72-1.53) is generally more common among women; stroke and diabetes do not show consistent sex differences. While subjective assessment of health is poorer among women, this is not true when indicators of functioning, disability and diseases are controlled. Conclusion: There is remarkable consistency in direction of gender differences in health across these 13 countries. The size of the differences is affected in many cases by the similarity in behaviours of men and women.