Structural and Functional Adaptations in Plants for Salinity Tolerance
Structural and Functional Adaptations in Plants for Salinity Tolerance
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DOI：
10.1007/978-90-481-9370-7_8
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Naz, Nargis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hameed, Mansoor;Ashraf, Muhammad;Naz, Nargis
植物的耐盐性是一个涉及分子、细胞器、细胞、组织以及整株植物水平的多种变化的复杂现象。此外，耐盐植物不仅在形态或结构特征上，而且在代谢和生理过程中表现出一系列适应性，使其能够在极端盐环境下生存。形态解剖学适应包括旱生特征，如厚的表皮和厚壁组织、发育良好的泡状细胞、增加的毛状体密度以及通过增加细胞大小和液泡体积而增加的水分保持能力。排泄结构如泡状毛和盐腺的发育是另一种主要的结构适应，对耐盐性非常重要。生理适应包括限制有毒离子的吸收，增加肉质，渗透调节和排除有毒的Na+和Cl-。
Salt tolerance in plants is a multifarious phenomenon involving a variety of changes at molecular, organelle, cellular, tissue as well as whole plant level. In addition, salt tolerant plants show a range of adaptations not only in morphological or structural features but also in metabolic and physiological processes that enable them to survive under extreme saline environments. Morpho-anatomical adaptations include xeromorphic characteristics like thick epidermis and sclerenchyma, well developed bulliform cells, increased density of trichomes and increased moisture retaining capacity by increasing cell size and vacuolar volume. Development of excretory structures like vesicular hairs and salt glands is another major structural adaptation and very crucial for salt tolerance. Physiological adaptations include restricted toxic ion uptake, increased succulence, osmotic adjustment and exclusion of toxic Na+ and Cl-.