Current HIV epidemiology and revised recommendations for HIV testing in health-care settings
Current HIV epidemiology and revised recommendations for HIV testing in health-care settings
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DOI：
10.1002/jmv.20972
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Branson, Bernard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Branson, Bernard
疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)估计，在美国100-120万艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者中，约有四分之一的人没有意识到自己被感染了。不知道自己感染了艾滋病毒的人无法获得有效的治疗，与知道自己感染了艾滋病毒的人相比，他们更有可能将艾滋病毒传播给其他人。孕妇需要知道自己是否感染了艾滋病毒，这样她们才能采取措施，避免将艾滋病毒传播给婴儿，并为自己获得医疗保健。尽管疾控中心过去建议对艾滋病毒流行率较高的急性护理医院和艾滋病毒风险较高的所有人进行常规的自愿艾滋病毒检测，但许多遇到医疗保健系统的艾滋病毒感染者没有进行检测。促进艾滋病毒检测作为医疗保健的常规部分是疾控中心2003年发起的先进艾滋病毒预防倡议的一项关键战略。美国疾病控制与预防中心最近修订了在医疗保健环境中对成年人、青少年和孕妇进行艾滋病毒检测的建议，以帮助增加意识到自己被感染的艾滋病毒感染美国人的数量，以便他们能够接受预防、护理和治疗。新建议倡导在卫生保健环境中自愿“选择退出”艾滋病毒筛查，并提供适当的后续护理和治疗；取消对艾滋病毒检测需要单独的书面同意的要求；对已知风险因素的人进行年度复查；对怀孕早期艾滋病毒检测呈阴性的妇女扩大第三个月的重新筛查。美国疾病控制与预防中心于2006年9月22日发布了修订后的建议，目前正与许多专业组织就实施的实际战略进行接触。
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that about one quarter of the 1-1.2 million persons living with HIV/AIDS in the United States are unaware they are infected. Persons who do not know they are HIV infected are unable to access effective treatment and, compared with those who know they are infected with HIV, are more likely to transmit HIV to others. Pregnant women need to know if they are HIV infected so they can take steps to avoid transmitting HIV to their infants and access medical care for themselves. Despite past CDC recommendations for routine, voluntary HIV testing of all persons in acute-care hospitals with high HIV prevalence and those with risks for HIV, many HIV-infected persons who encounter the healthcare system are not tested. Promoting HIVtesting as a routine part of medical care is a key strategy of the CDC's Advancing HIV Prevention initiative launched in 2003. The CDC has recently revised recommendations for HIVtesting of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings to help increase the number of HIV-infected Americans who are aware they are infected so they can receive prevention, care, and treatment. The new recommendations advocate voluntary "opt-out" HIV screening in health-care settings, with appropriate follow-up care and treatment; eliminating requirements for separate, written consent for HIV testing; annual retesting for persons with known risk factors; and expanded rescreening in the third trimester for women who test negative for HIV early in pregnancy. The CDC issued the revised recommendations on September 22, 2006, and is now engaged with numerous professional organizations on practical strategies for implementation.