Facilitative plasma membrane transporters function during ER transit.

Facilitative plasma membrane transporters function during ER transit.
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DOI:
10.1096/fj.09-146472
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发表时间:
2010-08
期刊:
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Frommer WB
Frommer WB
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Takanaga H;Frommer WB

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尽管生化研究表明内质网 (ER) 膜对小分子具有高渗透性,但蛋白质组学却发现很少有专门的 ER 转运蛋白。为了测试内质网通过期间转运蛋白的功能,我们测试了前往质膜的葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUT、SGLT)在内质网转运期间是否活跃。 HepG2 细胞的特点是低亲和力 ER 转运活性,表明 ER 摄取是蛋白质介导的。 HEK293T 细胞跨质膜吸收葡萄糖的能力大大降低,这与 ER 转运较低有关。 GLUT1、-2、-4 或 -9 的异位表达诱导 HEK293T 细胞中 GLUT 亚型特异性 ER 转运活性。相反,Na+-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白 SGLT1 介导有效的质膜葡萄糖转运,但没有可检测到的 ER 摄取,可能是因为跨 ER 膜缺乏足够的钠梯度。总之,我们证明 GLUT 足以介导 ER 葡萄糖转运到质膜的途中。由于内质网体积较小,痕量的这些单向转运蛋白有助于内质网转运过程中内质网溶质的输入,而单向转运蛋白和阳离子偶联转运蛋白则从内质网进行输出,这可能解释了内质网转运选择性较低的原因。转运蛋白在 ER 中的表达水平和停留时间以及它们的偶联机制可能是 ER 通透性的关键决定因素。-Takanaga, H., Frommer, W. B. 促进质膜转运蛋白在 ER 转运过程中发挥作用。
Although biochemical studies suggested a high permeability of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane for small molecules, proteomics identified few specialized ER transporters. To test functionality of transporters during ER passage, we tested whether glucose transporters (GLUTs, SGLTs) destined for the plasma membrane are active during ER transit. HepG2 cells were characterized by low-affinity ER transport activity, suggesting that ER uptake is protein mediated. The much-reduced capacity of HEK293T cells to take up glucose across the plasma membrane correlated with low ER transport. Ectopic expression of GLUT1, -2, -4, or -9 induced GLUT isoform-specific ER transport activity in HEK293T cells. In contrast, the Na+-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 mediated efficient plasma membrane glucose transport but no detectable ER uptake, probably because of lack of a sufficient sodium gradient across the ER membrane. In conclusion, we demonstrate that GLUTs are sufficient for mediating ER glucose transport en route to the plasma membrane. Because of the low volume of the ER, trace amounts of these uniporters contribute to ER solute import during ER transit, while uniporters and cation-coupled transporters carry out export from the ER, together potentially explaining the low selectivity of ER transport. Expression levels and residence time of transporters in the ER, as well as their coupling mechanisms, could be key determinants of ER permeability.—Takanaga, H., Frommer, W. B. Facilitative plasma membrane transporters function during ER transit.
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