Optimal D-FACTS Placement in Moving Target Defense Against False Data Injection Attacks
Optimal D-FACTS Placement in Moving Target Defense Against False Data Injection Attacks
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DOI：
10.1109/tsg.2020.2977207
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发表时间：
2020-09
影响因子：
9.6
通讯作者：
Bo Liu;Hongyu Wu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bo Liu;Hongyu Wu
移动目标防御（MTD）是一种针对分布式柔性交流输电系统（D-FACTS）状态估计的虚假数据注入（FDI）攻击的防御策略。然而，现有的研究忽视了一个基本而关键的问题，即，D-FACTS布局，假设所有线路都配备了D-FACTS设备。为了解决这个问题，我们首先推导出一个完整的MTD的D-FACTS布局的必要条件和要求。此外，我们提出了充分的条件，使用基于图论的拓扑分析，以确保下提出的D-FACTS布局的MTD具有其复合矩阵的最大秩，这是指示MTD的有效性。基于分析条件，我们设计了D-FACTS布局算法，通过使用最少的D-FACTS设备的数量，以实现最大的MTD效率。提出了一种新的基于MTD的ACOPF模型，在该模型中，D-FACTS线路的电抗被引入作为决策变量，以找到系统损耗和MTD有效性之间的权衡。在6节点、IEEE 14节点和IEEE 118节点系统上的数值结果表明，采用D-FACTS布局算法的MTD在最大化复合矩阵秩和检测FDI攻击方面具有很好的效果。
Moving target defense (MTD) is a defense strategy to detect stealthy false data injection (FDI) attacks against the power system state estimation using distributed flexible AC transmission system (D-FACTS) devices. However, existing studies neglect to address a fundamental yet critical issue, i.e., the D-FACTS placement, by assuming that all lines are equipped with D-FACTS devices. To tackle this problem, we first derive analytical necessary conditions and requirements on the D-FACTS placement for a complete MTD. Further, we propose sufficient conditions using a graph theory-based topology analysis to ensure that the MTD under the proposed D-FACTS placement has the maximum rank of its composite matrix, which is indicative of the MTD effectiveness. Based on the analytical conditions, we design D-FACTS placement algorithms by using the minimum number of D-FACTS devices to achieve the maximum MTD effectiveness. A novel MTD-based ACOPF model, in which the reactance of D-FACTS lines is introduced as decision variables, is proposed to find a trade-off between the system loss and the MTD effectiveness. Numerical results on 6-bus, IEEE 14-bus, and IEEE 118-bus systems show the efficacy of MTDs using the proposed D-FACTS placement algorithms in maximizing the composite matrix rank and detecting FDI attacks.