Reestablishment of former wintering grounds by New Zealand southern right whales
Reestablishment of former wintering grounds by New Zealand southern right whales
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DOI：
10.1111/mms.12031
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Childerhouse, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carroll, Emma L.;Rayment, William J.;Childerhouse, Simon
从历史上看，南露脊鲸（SRW）的活动范围包括新西兰（NZ）北岛和南岛（大陆）周围以及新西兰亚南极地区的奥克兰和坎贝尔群岛的冬季产卵地。由于 19 世纪和 20 世纪的大规模捕鲸活动，近四十年（1928 年至 1963 年）新西兰大陆周围没有发现软红威鱼。在这里，我们提供了经常使用新西兰大陆越冬地的证据，可能来自新西兰亚南极奥克兰和坎贝尔群岛的残余种群。自 1988 年以来，每年都会在新西兰大陆周围看到 SRW，在本次工作的重点期间：从 2003 年到 2010 年，共发现了 125 次。从 2003 年到 2010 年，在新西兰大陆周围发现了 28 对母牛和小牛，而 1991 年到 2002 年期间，发现了 11 对。此外，通过 DNA 分析，还发现了两只母牛和小牛在周围。大陆每隔 4 年一次：雌性对新西兰大陆产卵场忠诚度的第一个证据。根据自然标记照片和 DNA 图谱进行的个体识别提供了有关大陆周围一年内活动和居住的信息，并为大陆和亚南极越冬地之间的交流提供了进一步的证据。尽管有这些令人鼓舞的迹象，新西兰硬水温的分布仍然主要集中在新西兰亚南极地区。
Historically, the range of the southern right whale (SRW) included winter calving grounds around the North and South Islands (mainland) of New Zealand (NZ) and in the NZ subantarctic Auckland and Campbell Islands. Due to extensive whaling in the 19th and 20th centuries, no SRW was seen around mainland NZ for nearly four decades (1928-1963). Here we present evidence for the regular use of the mainland NZ wintering ground, presumably from a remnant population that persisted in the NZ subantarctic Auckland and Campbell Islands. SRWs have been sighted every year around mainland NZ since 1988, with 125 sightings during the focus of this work: from 2003 to 2010. There were 28 cow-calf pairs sighted around mainland NZ from 2003 to 2010, compared with 11 sightings from 1991 to 2002. Furthermore, two females, identified by DNA profiles, were sighted with calves around mainland at 4yr intervals: the first evidence of female site fidelity to the mainland NZ calving ground. Individual identification from photographs of natural markings and DNA profiles provided information on within-year movements and residency around the mainland, and further evidence for exchange between the mainland and subantarctic wintering grounds. Despite these promising signs, the distribution of NZ SRWs remains primarily concentrated in the NZ subantarctic.