Deciphering Coral Disease Dynamics: Integrating Host, Microbiome, and the Changing Environment-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.3389/fevo.2020.575927

发表时间：

2020-11

期刊：

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其他

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作者：

Rebecca L. Vega Thurber;L. Mydlarz;M. Brandt;D. Harvell;E. Weil;L. Raymundo;B. Willis;Stanley L Langevin;Allison M. Tracy;Raechel A. Littman;Keri M Kemp;P. Dawkins;K. Prager;M. Garren;J. Lamb

热带珊瑚礁生物疾病是一个密集的研究领域，但尽管方法论和全球知识库取得了重大进展，但确定疾病爆发的直接原因仍然很困难。众所周知，传染性野生动物疾病的动态受到宿主、病原体和微生物组其他成员之间相互作用变化的影响，集体工作清楚地表明，珊瑚礁上的主要基础物种也是如此。然而，在野生动物中，珊瑚疾病的爆发在很大程度上是由环境变化引起的。这些爆发不仅导致珊瑚物种的重大损失，而且还导致整个生态系统的变化。在这里，我们建议，为了更好地破译珊瑚的疾病动态，我们必须整合更全面和现代的范式，考虑动物流行病的三个主要参与者：宿主、其相关微生物组和环境之间的多种和可变的相互作用。从这个角度来看，我们讨论如何扩展经典宿主-病原体-环境疾病三联体的病原体成分，以纳入导致生态失调的微生物组变化，为理解珊瑚疾病动态提供更好的模型。我们概述并讨论了评估这三个组成部分的每个组成部分时出现的问题，并提出了弥合它们之间差距的建议。我们进一步建议，为了最好地应对这些挑战，研究人员必须调整标准范式，例如经典的一种病原体一种疾病模型，迄今为止，该模型在揭示珊瑚礁疾病动态的许多新兴特性方面无效。最后，根据这些观察结果，我们就海洋疾病生态学领域的前进方向以及珊瑚礁保护和恢复的未来提出建议。

Diseases of tropical reef organisms is an intensive area of study, but despite significant advances in methodology and the global knowledge base, identifying the proximate causes of disease outbreaks remains difficult. The dynamics of infectious wildlife diseases are known to be influenced by shifting interactions among the host, pathogen, and other members of the microbiome, and a collective body of work clearly demonstrates that this is also the case for the main foundation species on reefs, corals. Yet, among wildlife, outbreaks of coral diseases stand out as being driven largely by a changing environment. These outbreaks contributed not only to significant losses of coral species but also to whole ecosystem regime shifts. Here we suggest that to better decipher the disease dynamics of corals, we must integrate more holistic and modern paradigms that consider multiple and variable interactions among the three major players in epizootics: the host, its associated microbiome, and the environment. In this perspective, we discuss how expanding the pathogen component of the classic host-pathogen-environment disease triad to incorporate shifts in the microbiome leading to dysbiosis provides a better model for understanding coral disease dynamics. We outline and discuss issues arising when evaluating each component of this trio and make suggestions for bridging gaps between them. We further suggest that to best tackle these challenges, researchers must adjust standard paradigms, like the classic one pathogen-one disease model, that, to date, have been ineffectual at uncovering many of the emergent properties of coral reef disease dynamics. Lastly, we make recommendations for ways forward in the fields of marine disease ecology and the future of coral reef conservation and restoration given these observations.

Deciphering Coral Disease Dynamics: Integrating Host, Microbiome, and the Changing Environment

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