Nutrition and immunity: lessons from coronavirus disease-2019.
Nutrition and immunity: lessons from coronavirus disease-2019.
复制标题
营养和免疫：2019 年冠状病毒病的教训。
DOI：
10.1017/s0029665123004792
复制
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Calder PC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calder PC
免疫系统的作用是保护个体免受病原微生物的侵害。营养是决定免疫反应的多种因素之一，良好的营养对于支持免疫反应非常重要。老年人，尤其是体弱者、肥胖者、营养不良者和微量营养素摄入量低的人，免疫力可能会受损。与营养不足相关的免疫损伤会增加感染的易感性，并使感染变得更加严重，甚至致命。营养不良对免疫系统（包括其炎症成分）的不利影响可能是老年人和肥胖人群感染 SARS-CoV-2 后出现更严重后果的风险更高的原因之一。对维生素 D 和锌等个别微量营养素的研究表明，它们在降低 SARS-CoV-2 感染严重程度方面发挥着作用。良好的营养对于促进肠道菌群多样化也很重要，从而支持免疫系统。营养在支持免疫反应方面的重要性也适用于确保对疫苗接种的强劲反应。营养和免疫研究提供了许多与抗击 SARS-CoV-2 相关的经验教训。
The role of the immune system is to protect the individual against pathogenic organisms. Nutrition is one of multiple factors that determines the immune response and good nutrition is important in supporting the immune response. Immunity can be impaired in older people, particularly those who are frail, in those living with obesity, in those who are malnourished and in those with low intakes of micronutrients. The immune impairments associated with nutritional inadequacy increase susceptibility to infection and permit infections to become more severe, even fatal. The adverse impact of poor nutrition on the immune system, including its inflammatory component, may be one of the explanations for the higher risk of more severe outcomes from infection with SARS-CoV-2 seen in older people and in those living with obesity. Studies of individual micronutrients including vitamin D and zinc suggest roles in reducing severity of infection with SARS-CoV-2. Good nutrition is also important in promoting a diverse gut microbiota, which in turn supports the immune system. The importance of nutrition in supporting the immune response also applies to assuring robust responses to vaccination. There are many lessons from the study of nutrition and immunity that are relevant for the battle with SARS-CoV-2.