Business Climate, Taxes and Expenditures, and State Industrial Growth in the United States
Business Climate, Taxes and Expenditures, and State Industrial Growth in the United States
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美国的商业环境、税收和支出以及各州工业增长
DOI：
10.2307/1058043
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发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Joseph E. Pluta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Plaut;Joseph E. Pluta
许多州和地方政府官员和商人越来越重视一个州所谓的“商业环境”，将其作为决定其吸引工业和促进增长能力的核心因素。究竟什么是良好的商业环境并不完全清楚，但它通常与州和地方税收低，工作权利法，工会活动少，以及合作的政府结构有关。在新出现的阳光地带/霜冻地带的争论中，南部各州相对良好的商业气候经常被作为阳光地带增长的主要解释。“商业环境”一词的模糊性无疑阻碍了对其对工业选址决定和工业增长可能产生的影响进行认真的统计调查。像许多定义不清的概念一样，商业气候已经成为一个包罗万象的术语，其中包括许多（通常无法量化的）因素，据称这些因素在位置决策中很重要，并且根据用户是公司高管，位置顾问，政府官员还是学术界而具有不同的含义。工业咨询公司最近的报告[15; 6]根据不同定义的商业环境得分对各州进行排名，进一步加剧了这一争议。'
Many state and local public officials and businessmen have placed increasing emphasis on a state's so-called "business climate" as a central factor in determining its ability to attract industry and promote growth. Exactly what constitutes a good business climate is not entirely clear but it is usually associated with low state and local taxes, right to work laws, little union activity, and a cooperative governmental structure. In the newly emergent Sunbelt/ Frostbelt controversy, the relatively good business climate of the southern states is frequently offered as a major explanation of Sunbelt growth. The ambiguous nature of the term "business climate" has no doubt discouraged serious statistical inquiry into its possible effect on industrial location decisions and industrial growth. Like many poorly defined concepts, business climate has become both an all-encompassing term which includes a multitude of (frequently unquantifiable) factors alleged to be important in location decisions as well as a term which takes on different meanings depending upon whether the user is a corporate executive, location consultant, public official, or academic. Recent reports by industrial consulting firms [15; 6] have further fueled the controversy by ranking states according to variously defined business climate scores.'