Disability prevalence and disability-related employment gaps in the UK 1998-2012: Different trends in different surveys?
Disability prevalence and disability-related employment gaps in the UK 1998-2012: Different trends in different surveys?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.07.012
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Wass, Victoria
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baumberg, Ben;Jones, Melanie;Wass, Victoria
残疾人就业率持续偏低一直是发达国家政府长期关注的问题，也是一系列政策举措的主题，包括劳动力市场激活计划、平等法和福利改革。进步的一个关键指标是与残疾相关的就业差距的趋势，即残疾人和非残疾人就业率之间的百分点差异。令英国感到困惑的是，1998 年至 2012 年间进行的研究同时报告了差距的扩大和缩小。差异的根源在于调查的选择，即一般家庭调查（GHS）或劳动力调查（LFS），尽管两者都使用共同的残疾概念并从随机家庭样本中收集自我报告的信息。文献对这些调查进行了单独分析，并忽略了调查结果之间的差异。英格兰健康调查 (HSE) 是第三次全国家庭调查，重复了 GHS 关于残疾的问题，但在这方面的使用有限。这项实证研究采用三阶段协调流程，比较了三项调查中残疾发生率和与残疾相关的就业差距的趋势。跨部门调查比较发现，残疾发生率与就业差距之间存在负相关关系，促使人们首先关注残疾定义的差异，以解释这种差异。这范围扩大到包括调查方法和样本构成的差异。在定义、调查方法和样本构成统一后，残疾发生率和就业差距趋势的差异仍然存在。 LFS 是主要的政策影响和政策评估调查，它产生了异常结果。因此，我们不能确信自 1998 年以来英国与残疾相关的就业差距已经缩小。(C) 2015 作者。由 Elsevier Ltd 出版。这是一篇遵循 CC BY-NC-ND 许可证 (http://creativecommons.orgflicenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) 的开放获取文章。
The persistently low employment rate among disabled individuals has been an enduring concern of governments across developed countries and has been the subject of a succession of policy initiatives, including labour market activation programmes, equality laws and welfare reform. A key indicator of progress is the trend in the disability-related employment gap, the percentage point difference between the employment rate for disabled and non-disabled individuals. Confusingly for the UK, studies undertaken between 1998 and 2012 have simultaneously reported both a widening and a narrowing of the gap. The source of the discrepancy can be found in the choice of survey, the General Household Survey (GHS) or the Labour Force Survey (LFS), although both use a common conception of disability and collect self-reported information from a random sample of households. The literature has analysed these surveys separately from each other and ignored inter-survey differences in findings. The Health Survey for England (HSE), a third national household survey, replicates the GHS questions on disability but has had limited use in this context. This empirical study compares the trends in disability prevalence and the disability-related employment gap across the three surveys using a three-stage harmonisation process. The negative relationship between the prevalence of disability and the employment gap found in cross-section inter-survey comparisons prompts an initial focus on differences in the definition of disability as an explanation of the discrepancy. This is broadened to include differences in survey methods and sample composition. Differences in the trend in disability prevalence and the employment gap remain following harmonisation for definition, survey method and sample composition. It is the LFS, the main policy-influencing and policy-assessment survey, which generates outlying results. As such, we cannot be confident that the disability-related employment gap has narrowed in the UK since 1998. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.orgflicenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).