The Chinese pine genome and methylome unveil key features of conifer evolution
The Chinese pine genome and methylome unveil key features of conifer evolution
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中国松基因组和甲基化揭示了针叶树进化的关键特征
DOI：
10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.006
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发表时间：
2022-01-06
期刊：
影响因子：
64.5
通讯作者：
Wu, Harry X.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Niu, Shihui;Li, Jiang;Wu, Harry X.
针叶树在世界森林生态系统中占主导地位，是种植最广泛的树种。它们巨大而复杂的基因组为进化和基因组研究组装完整的参考基因组提出了巨大的挑战。我们提出了一个25.4 Gb的染色体水平的油松（Pinus tabuliformis）的组装，并揭示其基因组的大小主要是由于巨大的基因间区域和高转座因子（TE）含量的长内含子。具有长内含子的大基因表现出更高的表达水平。尽管缺乏最近的全基因组复制，91.2%的基因是通过分散复制，和扩展的基因家族主要与压力反应，这可能是支撑针叶树的适应，特别是在寒冷和/或干旱条件下。与被子植物相比，其生殖调控网络明显不同。具有高水平甲基化的TE的缓慢去除可能有助于基因组扩增。这项研究提供了深入了解针叶树的进化和资源，推进针叶树适应和发展的研究。
Conifers dominate the world's forest ecosystems and are the most widely planted tree species. Their giant and complex genomes present great challenges for assembling a complete reference genome for evolutionary and genomic studies. We present a 25.4-Gb chromosome-level assembly of Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) and revealed that its genome size is mostly attributable to huge intergenic regions and long introns with high transposable element (TE) content. Large genes with long introns exhibited higher expressions levels. Despite a lack of recent whole-genome duplication, 91.2% of genes were duplicated through dispersed duplication, and expanded gene families are mainly related to stress responses, which may underpin conifers' adaptation, particularly in cold and/or arid conditions. The reproductive regulation network is distinct compared with angiosperms. Slow removal of TEs with high-level methylation may have contributed to genomic expansion. This study provides insights into conifer evolution and resources for advancing research on conifer adaptation and development.