Male alternative reproductive behaviours in a Mediterranean wrasse, Symphodus ocellatus: Evidence from otoliths for multiple life-history pathways
Male alternative reproductive behaviours in a Mediterranean wrasse, Symphodus ocellatus: Evidence from otoliths for multiple life-history pathways
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地中海濑鱼（Symphodus ocellatus）的雄性替代生殖行为：来自耳石的证据表明多种生活史途径
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Wirtz
中科院分区：
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作者：
S. Alonzo;M. Taborsky;P. Wirtz
虽然对替代生殖行为进行了广泛研究，但只有在少数情况下才能记录决定其表现的潜在生活史途径和因素。在地中海濑鱼Symphodus ocellatus中，雄性采取各种行为。在一个季节内，它们可能投资于领土防御、筑巢和育雏（筑巢雄性）;加入筑巢雄性防御生殖寄生虫，但也参与产卵（卫星）;寄生筑巢雄性的产卵（运动鞋）;或不繁殖（非生殖性）。为了研究这些替代品的生活史模式，我们在生殖季节观察了单个雄性，并将它们的行为归类为运动鞋，卫星，筑巢雄性或非生殖。然后，我们使用他们的耳石来估计年龄和生长模式。雄性在第一个生殖季节是运动鞋，卫星或非生殖动物，而它们在2岁时表现为卫星或筑巢雄性。早期生长和行为的差异表明三种替代途径：生殖季节之间的切换，从非生殖直接筑巢，从卫星到季节之间的筑巢行为，或从潜行到采用卫星行为。一种行为的采用显然与生命第一年繁殖前的生长有关。在三个独立的生活史途径中存在四种年龄依赖性替代行为，这表明我们需要确定发生的生活史途径，然后才能推断出允许特定物种中替代生殖行为稳定共存的潜在机制。
Although alternative reproductive behaviours have been studied extensively, it has only been possible in a few cases to document the underlying life-history pathways and factors that determine their expression. In Symphodus ocellatus, a Mediterranean wrasse, males adopt a variety of behaviours. Within a season, they may invest in territory defence, nest building and broodcare (nesting males); join nesting males in their defence against reproductive parasites, but also participate in spawning (satellites); parasitize nesting males’ spawns (sneakers); or refrain from reproduction (non-reproductives). To examine the life-history patterns of these alternatives, we observed individual males during a reproductive season and categorized their behaviour as sneakers, satellites, nesting males or non-reproductives. We then used their otoliths to estimate age and growth patterns. Males are sneakers, satellites or non-reproductives in their first reproductive season, while they behave as satellites or nesting males when 2 years old. Differences in early growth and behaviour suggest three alternative pathways: switching between reproductive seasons from being non-reproductive directly to nesting, changing from satellite to nesting behaviour between seasons, or from sneaking to adopting satellite behaviour. The adoption of a behaviour is apparently related to growth before reproduction in the first year of life. The existence of four age-dependent alternative behaviours within three separate life-history pathways indicates that we need to determine the life-history pathways that occur before we can infer the underlying mechanisms allowing the stable co-existence of alternative reproductive behaviours in a given species.