Unrealistic optimism and the Health Belief Model
Unrealistic optimism and the Health Belief Model
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1005500917875
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发表时间：
2000-08-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Machperson, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clarke, VA;Lovegrove, H;Machperson, M
为什么人们不能从事积极的行为，这将促进他们的健康和福祉？研究人员解决这个问题主要采用两种观点之一，要么借鉴健康行为理论，如健康信念模型（HBM），要么借鉴风险感知理论，如不切实际的乐观主义。为了克服这种划分，两项取消筛查行为的研究评估了与HEM的每个元素相关的不切实际的乐观主义发生的程度：癌症的严重程度和可治愈性以及筛查测试的益处;以及进行筛查测试的障碍。使用电话采访收集数据，从电话簿中随机选择拨打号码。在第一项研究中，164名年龄在50到70岁之间的女性回答了有关乳腺癌和乳房X光检查的问题;而在第二项研究中，200名年龄在45到60岁之间的男性回答了有关前列腺癌和使用前列腺特异性抗原检测进行筛查的问题。女性在乳腺癌风险和严重程度以及进行筛查性乳房X光检查的障碍方面有一个乐观的分类，但与筛查的益处无关。用于前列腺癌;所有HEM变量都存在乐观偏倚：前列腺癌的风险和严重程度以及筛查的障碍和益处。得出的结论是，不切实际的乐观比感知的风险更广泛，对HEM的所有元素都是显而易见的。
Why do people fail to engage in positive behaviors which will promote their health and well-being? Researchers addressing this question adopt primarily one of two perspectives, drawing either on theories of health behavior, such as the Health Belief Model (HBM), or on theories of risk perception, such as unrealistic optimism. To overcome this compartmentalization, two studies of cancel screening behavior assessed the extent to which unrealistic optimism occurred in relation to each of the elements of the HEM: severity and curability of cancer and the benefits of; and barriers to having a screening test, Data were collected using telephone interviews, dialing numbers randomly selected from the telephone directory. In the first study 164 women aged 50 to 70 years responded to questions about bl east cancer and screening mammography: while ill the second study, 200 men aged 45 to 60 years responded to questions about prostate cancer and screening using the prostate specific antigen test. Women had an optimistic bins in relation to breast cancer risk and severity and barriers to having a screening mammogram but not in relation to the benefits of screening. For prostate cancer; there was an optimistic bias for all HEM variables: risk and severity of prostate cancer and barriers to and benefits of screening. It was concluded that unrealistic optimism is broader than perceived risk, being evident for all elements of the HEM.