DOCUMENTING LARGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES, MANAGING DATA, PLANNING CONSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE: THE HERCULANEUM CONSERVATION PROJECT EXPERIENCE
DOCUMENTING LARGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES, MANAGING DATA, PLANNING CONSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE: THE HERCULANEUM CONSERVATION PROJECT EXPERIENCE
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记录大型考古遗址、管理数据、规划保护和维护：赫库兰尼姆保护项目经验
DOI：
10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-359-2019
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Pesaresi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. d’Andrea;A. D. Lillo;A. Laino;P. Pesaresi
抽象的。赫库兰尼姆于公元79年被维苏威火山埋葬，直到20世纪世纪才被广泛挖掘，揭示了这个罗马海滨小镇的保存水平，但也显示了它的脆弱性。到了世纪之交，保护方面的挑战，加上当局的应对能力有限，使考古遗址面临风险。赫库兰尼姆保护项目（HCP）是一个自2001年开始实施的公私合作项目，它帮助扭转了这种局面，一个跨学科的团队全年与公共当局一起工作，今天是赫库兰尼姆考古公园。随着场地的稳定，HCP在过去十年中的注意力转移到建立知识和能力，以使公园管理局在面对核心长期管理义务时能够自给自足。一个新的重点是保护建议，满足网站的需要，但适合公开招标发现其最大的表现在规划长期网站维护周期。通过相关从业者的声音，本文讲述了在这方面开发的资源和方法，特别是将考古遗址分解为要维护的项目及其相对重要性的特定GIS模块。这一庞大的对象登记册-墙壁，门框，门，壁画，马赛克等-是HCP开发的三年维护周期的支柱，采用创新的采购框架，在意大利共同采购服务和工程，其中第一个正在由公园实施。现场操作人员可以使用一个基于网络的应用程序，将正在进行的现场工程的监测数据和记录真实的实时传输到数据库和地理信息系统平台，满足了即时的行政需求和质量控制，但也划定了后续维护周期的范围。根据遗址及其使用者（相关遗产工作者）的需求制定并响应其需求的技术和管理工具，已被用于城市范围内计划维护的整个生命周期，包括行政和技术方面。这是为这一重要考古遗址的长期可持续性而进行的更广泛的螺旋式管理改进的一部分。
Abstract. Herculaneum, buried by Mount Vesuvius in AD 79, was only extensively excavated during the twentieth century, revealing a remarkable level of preservation but also fragility of what had survived of this Roman seaside town. By the turn of the century, the conservation challenges, paired with the limited capacity of the authorities to respond, was putting the archaeological site at risk. The Herculaneum Conservation Project (HCP), a public-private project underway since 2001, has helped turnaround this situation with the presence of an interdisciplinary team working all year round alongside the public authority, today the Archaeological Park of Herculaneum. With the site in a more stable condition, HCP's attention in the last ten years shifted to building up knowledge and competencies for the self-sufficiency of the Park authority in the face of core long-term management obligations. A new focus on conservation proposals that meet the site's needs but are suited to public tendering found its maximum expression in planning long-term site maintenance cycles. Through the voices of the practitioners involved, the paper recounts the resources and approaches that have been developed in this regard, in particular the specific GIS module that breaks down the archaeological site into the items to be maintained and their relative importance. This massive register of objects – walls, architraves, doors, frescoes, mosaics, etc. – is the backbone of the three-year maintenance cycles developed by HCP adopting an innovative procurement framework for co-sourcing services and works in Italy, the first of which is now being implemented by the Park. A web-based application accessible by operators on site allows real time transmission of monitoring data and records of site-works underway to the database and GIS platform, satisfying immediate administrative needs and quality controls but also delineating the scope of subsequent maintenance cycles. Technological and management tools, shaped by, and responsive to, the needs of the site and their users (the heritage practitioners involved), have been put at the service of the entire life cycle of programmed maintenance at an urban scale, both administrative and technical aspects. This is part of a wider upward spiral of management improvements for the long-term sustainability of this important archaeological site.