Synchronization of Earthquake Cycles of Adjacent Segments on Oceanic Transform Faults Revealed by Numerical Simulation in the Framework of Rate‐and‐State Friction

Synchronization of Earthquake Cycles of Adjacent Segments on Oceanic Transform Faults Revealed by Numerical Simulation in the Framework of Rate‐and‐State Friction
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速率和状态摩擦框架下数值模拟揭示的海洋转换断层相邻段地震周期的同步性

DOI:
10.1029/2020jb020231
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Shi, Pengcheng
Shi, Pengcheng
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wei, Meng;Shi, Pengcheng

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大地震的同步行为(邻近断层在时间上接近许多周期的破裂)已经在许多断层系统中被报道。其基本思想是,系统中的断层具有相似的重复间隔,并通过应力相互作用正耦合。然而,这种同步的许多细节仍然未知。在这里,我们在速率和状态摩擦的框架下建立了一个数值模型来模拟东太平洋隆起的西戈法尔断层上的地震周期。我们的模型由两个地震补丁隔离的障碍补丁,这是由地震观测的约束。我们改变了屏障中的参数,以了解其对地震同步的作用。首先,我们发现,当屏障相对较弱时,可以通过屏障斑块中的后滑或震后蠕变实现同步。其次,静态应力转移可以导致同步,这与Scholz(2010,https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090309)的建议相反,该建议基于使用速率和状态摩擦的弹簧滑块模型的结果。第三,屏障的宽度比其强度更重要。当屏障足够窄时(不超过我们模型中地震片宽度的一半),即使有非常强的屏障,系统也可以实现同步。第四,对于某些模拟,两个地震片之间的相互作用促进了地震片的部分破裂,并导致复杂的行为:系统在10-20个周期内从同步切换到非同步。
Synchronization behavior of large earthquakes (rupture of nearby faults close in time for many cycles) has been reported in many fault systems. The general idea is that the faults in the system have similar repeating intervals and are positively coupled through stress interaction. However, many details of such synchronization remain unknown. Here, we built a numerical model in the framework of rate‐and‐state friction to simulate earthquake cycles on the west Gofar fault, East Pacific Rise. Our model consists of two seismic patches separated by a barrier patch, which are constrained by seismic observations. We varied the parameters in the barrier to understand its role on earthquake synchronization. First, we found that when the barrier is relatively weak, synchronization can be achieved by afterslip or post‐seismic creep in the barrier patch. Second, static stress transfer can lead to synchronization, opposite to the suggestion by Scholz (2010, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090309), which was based on results from a spring‐slider model using rate‐and‐state friction. Third, the width of the barrier is more important than its strength. When the barrier is narrow enough (no more than half the width of the seismic patch in our model), the system can achieve synchronization even with a very strong barrier. Fourth, for certain simulations, the interaction between the two seismic patches promotes partial rupture in the seismic patches and leads to complex behavior: the system switches from synchronized to unsynchronized over 10–20 cycles.
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