Molecular Diversity between Salivary Proteins from New World and Old World Sand Flies with Emphasis on Bichromomyia olmeca, the Sand Fly Vector of Leishmania mexicana in Mesoamerica.
Molecular Diversity between Salivary Proteins from New World and Old World Sand Flies with Emphasis on Bichromomyia olmeca, the Sand Fly Vector of Leishmania mexicana in Mesoamerica.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004771
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发表时间：
2016-07
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Valenzuela JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abdeladhim M;V Coutinho-Abreu I;Townsend S;Pasos-Pinto S;Sanchez L;Rasouli M;B Guimaraes-Costa A;Aslan H;Francischetti IM;Oliveira F;Becker I;Kamhawi S;Ribeiro JM;Jochim RC;Valenzuela JG
白蛉唾液已被证明具有有效的生物活性的蛋白质，唾液蛋白，可用作载体暴露的生物标志物，和唾液蛋白，是针对不同形式的利什曼病的候选疫苗。白蛉唾液腺转录组学方法对鉴定和表征来自重要利什曼原虫载体的许多唾液蛋白做出了重大贡献;然而，世界上一些地区的白蛉载体仍然被忽视，如Bichromomyia olmeca（以前称为Lutzomyia olmeca olmeca），墨西哥利什曼原虫在墨西哥和中美洲的一种已证实的载体。尽管该载体在中美洲传播利什曼原虫的重要性，但没有关于B的全部信息。Olmeca唾液蛋白及其与其他白蛉唾液蛋白的关系。野生B唾液腺cDNA文库的构建构建OlmecA，测序并分析。我们确定了编码新的唾液蛋白的转录本，并进行了比较分析B。Olmeca唾液蛋白和来自其他白蛉物种的那些。有了这些新的信息，我们提出了一个更新的目录唾液蛋白特异性新世界白蛉和唾液蛋白共同所有白蛉物种。在这项工作中，我们还报告了抗Xa因子活性的Lofaxin，唾液抗凝蛋白存在于这个白蛉物种。这项研究提供了来自中美洲的沙蝇的第一个转录组的信息，并增加了来自美洲的唾液转录组的有限剧目的信息。这种比较分析还显示，与旧世界白蛉相比，新世界白蛉的唾液蛋白进化程度较快。利什曼病是一种被忽视的疾病，由受感染的白蛉叮咬寄生虫传播给宿主引起。白蛉唾液中含有生物活性成分，可以让白蛉吸血，也可以通过对抗宿主免疫机制来对抗寄生虫，从而在宿主中传播寄生虫。对白蛉唾液的研究使我们能够了解其中一些蛋白的生物学功能，鉴定在不同宿主中产生免疫应答的唾液蛋白，并选择可用于保护宿主免受寄生虫侵害的潜在唾液疫苗。然而，在世界不同地区传播不同种类利什曼原虫的媒介仍然被忽视。本工作的重点是从B的唾液分泌蛋白的鉴定。olmeca，北美洲和中美洲墨西哥利什曼原虫的媒介。我们将这些蛋白质与以前在旧大陆和新大陆的其他白蛉物种中发现的蛋白质进行了分类。我们在这里展示了当比较不同的白蛉物种时，这些蛋白质家族是多么保守或不同。我们还报告了抗Xa因子活性的Lofaxin，唾液抗凝蛋白确定在唾液中的这白蛉物种。
Sand fly saliva has been shown to have proteins with potent biological activities, salivary proteins that can be used as biomarkers of vector exposure, and salivary proteins that are candidate vaccines against different forms of leishmaniasis. Sand fly salivary gland transcriptomic approach has contributed significantly to the identification and characterization of many of these salivary proteins from important Leishmania vectors; however, sand fly vectors in some regions of the world are still neglected, as Bichromomyia olmeca (formerly known as Lutzomyia olmeca olmeca), a proven vector of Leishmania mexicana in Mexico and Central America. Despite the importance of this vector in transmitting Leishmania parasite in Mesoamerica there is no information on the repertoire of B. olmeca salivary proteins and their relationship to salivary proteins from other sand fly species. A cDNA library of the salivary glands of wild-caught B. olmeca was constructed, sequenced, and analyzed. We identified transcripts encoding for novel salivary proteins from this sand fly species and performed a comparative analysis between B. olmeca salivary proteins and those from other sand fly species. With this new information we present an updated catalog of the salivary proteins specific to New World sand flies and salivary proteins common to all sand fly species. We also report in this work the anti-Factor Xa activity of Lofaxin, a salivary anticoagulant protein present in this sand fly species. This study provides information on the first transcriptome of a sand fly from Mesoamerica and adds information to the limited repertoire of salivary transcriptomes from the Americas. This comparative analysis also shows a fast degree of evolution in salivary proteins from New World sand flies as compared with Old World sand flies. Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by a parasite transmitted to the host by the bite of an infected sand fly. Sand fly saliva contains biologically active components that allow the sand fly to take a blood meal and also the parasite to spread in the host by countering the host immune mechanisms that fights the parasite. Research on sand fly saliva has allowed us to understand the biological functions of some of these proteins, to identify salivary proteins producing an immune response in different hosts and to select potential salivary vaccine that could be used to protect the host against the parasite. However, vectors transmitting different species of Leishmania in diverse regions of the world are still neglected. The present work focuses on the identification of the secreted proteins from the saliva of B. olmeca, a vector of Leishmania mexicana in North and Central America. We catalogued these proteins with those previously identified in other sand fly species from Old and New World. We showed here how conserved or divergent are these proteins families when comparing different sand fly species. We also report the anti-Factor Xa activity of Lofaxin, a salivary anticoagulant protein identified in the saliva of this sand fly species.