An association between mitochondria and microglia effector function. What do we think we know?
An association between mitochondria and microglia effector function. What do we think we know?
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DOI：
10.20517/2347-8659.2020.07
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hernandes, Irisyunuel Lopez
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作者：
Harry, G Jean;Childers, Gabrielle;Hernandes, Irisyunuel Lopez
尽管中枢神经系统的居民先天免疫细胞，而小胶质细胞代表了一种原始，微环境和寿命独特的细胞种群，但他们假设外周巨噬细胞显示出许多特性。一个突出的共享特性是能够通过促炎性刺激脂多糖激活后，将代谢转换向糖酵解并远离氧化磷酸化（Oxphos）。这种转变可满足特定的细胞需求并允许细胞存活，类似于癌细胞中表现出的沃堡效应。相比之下，非炎性表型的正常生存表型或刺激主要依赖于Oxphos和脂肪酸氧化。因此，线粒体似乎是一个关键的信号平台，在激活时将能量代谢和巨噬细胞极化连接起来。这些针对不同刺激的细胞生物能量的独特转移对于在感染，炎症或损伤部位的适当效应子反应至关重要。在这里，我们介绍了有关这些动力在周围巨噬细胞中如何在小胶质细胞中显示的这些动态的摘要。通过对巨噬细胞中代谢重编程的增加理解提供的新见解可能会使CNS转换为中枢神经系统，并更好地理解小胶质细胞异质性，调节和功能。
While resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, the microglia, represent a cell population unique in origin, microenvironment, and longevity, they assume many properties displayed by peripheral macrophages. One prominent shared property is the ability to undergo a metabolic switch towards glycolysis and away from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) upon activation by the pro-inflammatory stimuli lipopolysaccharide. This shift serves to meet specific cellular demands and allows for cell survival, similar to the Warburg effect demonstrated in cancer cells. In contrast, normal survelliance phenotype or stimulation to a non-proinflammatory phenotype relies primarily on OXPHOS and fatty acid oxidation. Thus, mitochondria appear to function as a pivotal signaling platform linking energy metabolism and macrophage polarization upon activation. These unique shifts in cell bioenergetics in response to different stimuli are essential for proper effector responses at sites of infection, inflammation, or injury. Here we present a summary of recent developments as to how these dynamics characterized in peripheral macrophages are displayed in microglia. The new insights provided by an increased understanding of metabolic reprogramming in macrophages may allow for translation to the CNS and a better understanding of microglia heterogeneity, regulation, and function.