Social relationships and caregiving behavior between recently orphaned chimpanzee siblings.
Social relationships and caregiving behavior between recently orphaned chimpanzee siblings.
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最近成为孤儿的黑猩猩兄弟姐妹之间的社会关系和照顾行为。
DOI：
10.1007/s10329-019-00732-1
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mitani,JohnC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Reddy,RachnaB;Mitani,JohnC
当它们的母亲去世时，黑猩猩通常会收养更年轻、更脆弱的兄弟姐妹，这些兄弟姐妹在他们的照顾下存活下来。这种现象得到了广泛的报道，但很少有研究提供关于兄弟姐妹关系在母亲去世后立即发生变化的细节。在乌干达Kibale国家公园的Ngogo，一场导致几名女性死亡的疾病暴发为记录产妇死亡如何影响兄弟姐妹的社会关系提供了机会。我们描述了四个青春期和年轻的成年男性与他们年轻的未成熟母亲兄弟姐妹之间的社会互动，这些兄弟姐妹在母亲去世前9个月和去世后8个月。我们还展示了最近成为孤儿的四对兄弟姐妹中个体的行为与母亲在世的30对兄弟姐妹中的黑猩猩所表现出的行为对比。在母亲去世后，兄弟姐妹的交往时间增加，保持空间上的亲近，打扮，安抚和安慰彼此。在旅行期间，年幼的孤儿跟随他们的哥哥姐姐，他们经常回头看，等着他们。两个兄弟姐妹在分开时都表现出悲伤，年长的兄弟姐妹在危险的情况下表现出高度的警惕。与母亲在世的兄弟姐妹相比，最近成为孤儿的黑猩猩以上述方式进行互动的次数要多得多。这些发现表明，在失去母亲后，兄弟姐妹相互支持。还需要进一步的研究，以确定这种支持是否在母亲死亡后立即缓冲了悲伤和创伤，以及兄弟姐妹支持是否降低了孤儿如果存活下来将遭受失去母亲的长期后果的可能性。
When their mothers die, chimpanzees often adopt younger vulnerable siblings who survive with their care. This phenomenon has been widely reported, but few studies provide details regarding how sibling relationships change immediately following the deaths of their mothers. A disease outbreak that killed several females at Ngogo in Kibale National Park, Uganda, furnished an opportunity to document how maternal death influenced the social relationships of siblings. We describe social interactions between four adolescent and young adult males and their younger immature maternal siblings 9 months before and 8 months after their mothers died. We also show how the behavior of individuals in the four recently orphaned sibling pairs contrasts to the behavior displayed by chimpanzees in 30 sibling pairs whose mothers were alive. Following the death of their mothers, siblings increased the amount of time they associated, maintained spatial proximity, groomed, reassured, and consoled each other. During travel, younger orphans followed their older siblings, who frequently looked back and waited for them. Both siblings showed distress when separated, and older siblings demonstrated heightened vigilance in dangerous situations. Chimpanzees who were recently orphaned interacted in the preceding ways considerably more than did siblings whose mothers were alive. These findings suggest that siblings provide each other support after maternal loss. Further research is needed to determine whether this support buffers grief and trauma in the immediate aftermath of maternal loss and whether sibling support decreases the probability that orphans will suffer long-term consequences of losing a mother if they survive.