Planetary bioresources and astroecology: 1. Planetary microcosm bioassays of Martian and carbonaceous chondrite materials: Nutrients, electrolyte solutions, and algal and plant responses
Planetary bioresources and astroecology: 1. Planetary microcosm bioassays of Martian and carbonaceous chondrite materials: Nutrients, electrolyte solutions, and algal and plant responses
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行星生物资源和天文生态学：1.火星和碳质球粒陨石材料的行星微观生物测定：营养物、电解质溶液以及藻类和植物反应
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发表时间：
2002
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通讯作者：
M. Mautner
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作者：
M. Mautner;M. Mautner
行星物质的生物肥力可以使用基于陨石的微观世界来评估。这项研究将微观测试应用于火星陨石和类似物以及碳质球粒陨石。这些材料的生物肥力根据可溶性电解质营养物质、嗜温和耐冷藻类的生长以及植物组织培养进行评级。结果表明，这些陨石，特别是默奇森 CM2 碳质球粒陨石和 DaG 476 火星球粒陨石，含有高含量的可水提取的 Ca、Mg 和 SO4-S。火星陨石 DaG 476 和 EETA 79001 还含有比陆地类似物更高水平的可提取必需营养素 NO3-N (0.013-0.017 g kg -1 ) 和 PO4-P (0.019- 0.046 g kg -1 )。在各种行星条件下，大多数水可萃取电解质的产率仅相差 2-3 倍。然而，在二氧化碳气氛下，长期可提取的磷酸盐显着增加。藻类和植物组织培养物的生物产量与可提取的 NO3-N 和 PO4-P 相关，将它们确定为限制性营养物质。嗜温藻类和芦笋培养物被鉴定为有用的生物测定剂。提出了一种基于微观测试的生育率评级系统。结果对肥力的评价顺序为：火星玄武岩 > 陆地玄武岩、农业土壤 > 碳质球粒陨石、熔岩灰 > 堆积火成岩。结果证明了行星微观世界在实验天体生态学中的应用，将行星材料评估为天体生物学探索的目标和潜在的空间生物资源。例如，默奇森的可提取材料表明，碳质小行星中的浓缩内部溶液（3.8 mol L -1 电解质和10 g L -1 有机物）可以支持和分散早期太阳系中自然或定向有源论引入的微生物。研究结果还表明，碳质小行星和火星玄武岩可以作为太阳系中大量生物种群的潜在未来资源。 c � 2002 年爱思唯尔科学（美国）
The biological fertilities of planetary materials can be assessed using microcosms based on meteorites. This study applies microcosm tests to martian meteorites and analogues and to carbonaceous chondrites. The biological fertilities of these materials are rated based on the soluble electrolyte nutrients, the growth of mesophile and cold-tolerant algae, and plant tissue cultures. The results show that the meteorites, in particular the Murchison CM2 carbonaceous chondrite and DaG 476 martian shergottite, contain high levels of water-extractable Ca, Mg, and SO4‐S. The martian meteorites DaG 476 and EETA 79001 also contain higher levels of extractable essential nutrients NO3‐N (0.013‐0.017 g kg −1 ) and PO4‐P (0.019‐ 0.046 g kg −1 ) than the terrestrial analogues. The yields of most of the water-extractable electrolytes vary only by factors of 2‐3 under a wide range of planetary conditions. However, the longterm extractable phosphate increases significantly under a CO2 atmosphere. The biological yields of algae and plant tissue cultures correlate with extractable NO3‐N and PO4‐P, identifying these as the limiting nutrients. Mesophilic algae and Asparagus officinalis cultures are identified as useful bioassay agents. A fertility rating system based on microcosm tests is proposed. The results rate the fertilities in the order martian basalts > terrestrial basalt, agricultural soil > carbonaceous chondrites, lava ash > cumulate igneous rock. The results demonstrate the application of planetary microcosms in experimental astroecology to rate planetary materials as targets for astrobiology exploration and as potential space bioresources. For example, the extractable materials in Murchison suggest that concentrated internal solutions in carbonaceous asteroids (3.8 mol L −1 electrolytes and 10 g L −1 organics) can support and disperse microorganisms introduced by natural or directed panspermia in early solar systems. The results also suggest that carbonaceous asteroids and martian basalts can serve as potential future resources for substantial biological populations in the Solar System. c � 2002 Elsevier Science (USA)