Comparative Study of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern for Gram-positive Bacteria Pre and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic
Comparative Study of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern for Gram-positive Bacteria Pre and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic
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DOI：
10.24321/0019.5138.202208
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发表时间：
2022-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Allak, Worod
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fadhil, Osama Q.;Jabbar, Sana Abdul;Allak, Worod
背景：抗生素耐药性（AR）是一个普遍的危机，需要紧急关注和解决。2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）对全球健康构成了真实的威胁。为了遏制COVID-19的传播，大量抗生素（AB）被使用。在COVID-19期间，存在可能影响AB活性并增强AR的真实的威胁。患者和方法：该研究在巴格达的11家医院进行，从2019年11月1日至2020年6月30日为期8个月。使用了7种类型的AB盘;这些是阿莫西林-克拉维酸、阿奇霉素、头孢曲松、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星、美罗培南和万古霉素。在目前的研究中，分离并检测了1324份样本，以检测COVID-19大流行前后的AB型AR。结果：大流行前主要分离菌为金黄色葡萄球菌，大流行后主要分离菌为链球菌。在COVID患者中，金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌和B-溶血性链球菌对阿莫西林-克拉维汀、头孢曲松和庆大霉素的AR高于非COVID患者。结论：新冠肺炎患者革兰阳性菌对阿奇霉素、左氧氟沙星、万古霉素的耐药率低于阿莫西林-克拉维酸、头孢曲松、庆大霉素。美罗培南代表了在大流行期间治疗感染的黄金标准AB。
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a universal crisis that requires emergent attention and solution. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has provided a real danger to global health. In a try to surround the spread of COVID-19, a large quantity of antibiotics (AB) has been used. During COVID-19 there are real threats that could affect AB activity and potentiate AR.Patients and Method: The study was done in eleven hospitals in Baghdad taking a time of eight months from 1 November 2019 to 30 June 2020. Seven types of AB discs were utilised; those are amoxicillin-clavulanate, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, levofloxacin, meropenem and vancomycin. In the current study, 1324 samples were isolated and tested to detect AR toward AB pre and post COVID-19 pandemic. The microbial isolates were confirmed by the standard microbiological tests.Results: The study revealed that the main bacterial isolates pre-pandemic were Staphylococcus aureus, whereas post-pandemic isolates were Streptococcus species. The AR of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, and B-hemolytic streptococci to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin was higher in COVID than non-COVID patients. While the AR was variable for the other four AB (Azithromycin, levofloxacin, meropenem, and Vancomycin).Conclusion: Azithromycin, levofloxacin, vancomycin less resisted than amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftriaxone, gentamycin by Gram-positive bacteria in COVID patients. Meropenem represents a golden standard AB in treating infections during the pandemic attack.