Additive manufacturing of materials: Opportunities and challenges
Additive manufacturing of materials: Opportunities and challenges
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DOI：
10.1557/mrs.2015.234
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Pannala, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Babu, S. S.;Love, L.;Pannala, S.
增材制造（也称为3D打印）被认为是一种颠覆性技术，用于生产具有拓扑优化的复杂几何形状以及传统方法无法实现的功能的部件。由于缺乏计算设计工具、通用材料原料、在原位条件下监测热机械过程的技术，特别是最小化微观结构非均质性带来的各向异性静态和动态特性的方法，3D打印的全部潜力的实现受到了抑制。本文讨论了跨学科研究的作用，涉及机器人和自动化，过程控制，微观结构和性能的多尺度表征，以及高性能计算工具来解决这些挑战。在保持机械性能和几何灵活性的同时，还讨论了将结构材料的增材制造扩大到大尺寸（bbb10 m）和更高生产率（5-20 kg/h）的新兴途径。
Additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing) is considered a disruptive technology for producing components with topologically optimized complex geometries as well as functionalities that are not achievable by traditional methods. The realization of the full potential of 3D printing is stifled by a lack of computational design tools, generic material feedstocks, techniques for monitoring thermomechanical processes under in situ conditions, and especially methods for minimizing anisotropic static and dynamic properties brought about by microstructural heterogeneity. This article discusses the role of interdisciplinary research involving robotics and automation, process control, multiscale characterization of microstructure and properties, and high-performance computational tools to address each of these challenges. Emerging pathways to scale up additive manufacturing of structural materials to large sizes (>1 m) and higher productivities (5-20 kg/h) while maintaining mechanical performance and geometrical flexibility are also discussed.