Residues of Cardiovascular and Lipid-Lowering Drugs Pose a Risk to the Aquatic Ecosystem despite a High Wastewater Treatment Ratio in the Megacity Shanghai, China
Residues of Cardiovascular and Lipid-Lowering Drugs Pose a Risk to the Aquatic Ecosystem despite a High Wastewater Treatment Ratio in the Megacity Shanghai, China
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.1c05520
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发表时间：
2022-02-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Dai, Jiayin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zuo, Shaoqi;Meng, Haoyu;Dai, Jiayin
特大城市地表水中的药物残留和生态毒理学影响尤其值得关注。在本研究中，我们结合实地调查和模型模拟，探讨了心血管药物和降脂药物（全球最常使用的一组药物）在废水处理率较高（约 96%）的典型特大城市上海地表水中的污染情况。在 26 种目标物质中，检测到 19 种药物，其水溶液浓度范围为 0.2（酮色林）至 715 ng/L（替米沙坦）。其中，除β受体阻滞剂外，血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂替米沙坦和厄贝沙坦占主导地位。空间分布分析表明，与主流相比，支流的水平要高得多。模型模拟和现场调查的结果显示，与发达国家其他城市相比，上海地表水中心血管和降脂药物的浓度相对较低，这与中国的人均使用量较低有关。斑马鱼胚胎的生态毒理学研究进一步揭示了厄贝沙坦、替米沙坦、利多卡因及其混合物在 ng/L 浓度（地表水中的典型浓度）下对发育的影响，包括改变孵化成功率和心率。总体而言，目前的结果表明，高废水处理率不足以保护上海水生生态系统中的鱼类物种。由于医疗保健的改善和人口老龄化，未来心血管和降脂药物的接触以及相关风险将进一步增加。
The residues of pharmaceuticals in surface waters of megacities and ecotoxicological implications are of particular concern. In this study, we combined field investigations and model simulations to explore the contamination of cardiovascular and lipid-lowering drugs, one group of the most prescribed medications globally, in surface waters of a typical megacity, Shanghai, with a high wastewater treatment ratio (approximate to 96%). Among 26 target substances, 19 drugs were detected with aqueous concentrations ranging from 0.2 (ketanserin) to 715 ng/L (telmisartan). Of them, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, telmisartan and irbesartan, were dominant besides beta-blockers. Spatial distribution analysis demonstrated their much higher levels in tributaries compared to the mainstream. The results of model simulations and field investigation revealed relatively low concentrations of cardiovascular and lipid-lowering drugs in surface waters of Shanghai compared to other cities in highly developed countries, which is associated with low per capita usage in China. Ecotoxicological studies in zebrafish embryos further revealed developmental effects, including altered hatching success and heart rate, by irbesartan, telmisartan, lidocaine, and their mixtures at ng/L concentrations, which are typical levels in surface waters. Overall, the present results suggest that the high wastewater treatment ratio was not sufficient to protect fish species in the aquatic ecosystem of Shanghai. Exposure to cardiovascular and lipid-lowering drugs and associated risks will further increase in the future due to healthcare improvements and population aging.