Trends of spring maize phenophases and spatio-temporal responses to temperature in three provinces of Northeast China during the past 20 years
Trends of spring maize phenophases and spatio-temporal responses to temperature in three provinces of Northeast China during the past 20 years
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DOI：
10.5846/stxb201304010573
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
李正国 Li Zhengguo;杨鹏 Yang Peng;唐华俊 Tang Huajun;吴文斌 Wu Wenbin;陈仲新 Chen Zhongxin;刘佳 Liu Jia;张利 Zhang Li;谭杰扬 Tan Jieyang;唐鹏钦 Tang Pengqin
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文献类型：
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作者：
李正国 Li Zhengguo;杨鹏 Yang Peng;唐华俊 Tang Huajun;吴文斌 Wu Wenbin;陈仲新 Chen Zhongxin;刘佳 Liu Jia;张利 Zhang Li;谭杰扬 Tan Jieyang;唐鹏钦 Tang Pengqin
调查作物物候背后的历史过程对于理解作物对气候变化的反应和适应至关重要。利用东北三省46个农业气象站1990-2009年的作物物候记录，提取了玉米的生育期（包括播种期、成熟期和生育期长短）。计算了1990-2009年东北玉米生长季的年变化率θ，并利用θ分析了东北玉米生长季温度变化的响应。结果表明：（1）近20年来，3省大部分地区5月（T5）和9月（T9）平均气温呈正趋势，且允许气温期延长。（2）在此背景下，玉米物候期发生了各种变化和响应。晚播期时间趋势（0。02θ 0 15 d /a），推迟收获期（0. 18θ 0 38 d / a）和延长生育期（0. 22 θ 0 44 d / a）。可以推断，早、中熟类型向中、晚熟类型调整的适应性行动已经实施，以充分利用气候变暖下延长的生育期。（3）与T5的上升趋势相对应，玉米苗期提前，其中松嫩平原北部、吉林中东部和辽宁中部的玉米苗期提前最为显著。与T9的上升趋势相对应，玉米成熟期呈推迟趋势，其中吉林中东部地区推迟趋势更为显著。与玉米生育期延长趋势相对应的是，玉米生育期总体上呈显著延长趋势，总体上东北地区作物生育期内的温度变化为玉米生长提供了较好的温度条件，特别是对于生育期较长的早播晚收品种。这可能有利于未来的玉米生产，特别是在北方地区。这些发现为改善玉米反应和适应性研究，为希望培育高产玉米品种的研究人员以及使玉米生产能够科普持续的气候变化提供了启示。
Investigating the historical processes behind crop phenology is essential for understanding crop response and adaption for climate change. Based on the 1990—2009 crop phenophase records from 46 agricultural meteorological stations in three provinces of northeast China,the maize phenophases( including the stages of seeding,maturity and length of the growth period) were extracted. The related annual slope change rates( θ) were then calculated and used to analyze the responses to temperature changes in the maize growing seasons of Northeast China during 1990—2009. The results showed that( 1) over the past 20 years,positive trends of average temperature in May( T5) and September( T9),as well as an extended temperature-allowing period,were found in most areas of the three provinces.( 2) With this background,various changes and responses had occurred in maize phenophases. Temporal trends of advanced seeding stage( 0. 02θ 0. 15 d /a),postponed harvesting stage( 0. 18θ 0. 38 d / a) and extended length of the growth period( 0. 22 θ 0. 44 d / a)were observed. It can be inferred the adaptive action by adjusting the early / middle maturing types to middle / late maturing types has been implemented to fully utilize the prolonged growth period under climate warming.( 3) In response to the rising trend of T5,advancing of the maize seedling stage occurred,which was most significant in the north of Songnen Plain,the middle and the east of Jilin and the middle of Liaoning. Corresponding to the rising trend of T9,the maize maturity stage showed a postponement trend,which was more significant in the middle and east of Jilin. In response to the extending trend of the temperature-allowing period,the maize growth period showed an overall significant extending trend.Generally,the temperature changes during the crop growth period in Northeast China resulted in better temperature conditions for maize growth-especially for early-planting,late-harvesting varieties with a longer growth period. This may benefit future maize production,especially in northern areas. The findings provided implications for improving maize responses and adaptation studies,for researchers wishing to breed higher yielding maize cultivars and for enabling maize production to cope with ongoing climate change.