Predicting flock vigilance from simple passerine interactions: modelling with cellular automata
Predicting flock vigilance from simple passerine interactions: modelling with cellular automata
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DOI：
10.1006/anbe.1999.1227
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发表时间：
1999-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Bekoff, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bahr, DB;Bekoff, M
鸟群中的警戒可以被描述和建模为邻近鸟类之间的一组合理的局部相互作用。在模拟的鸟群中，每只鸟选择进食或扫描，完全取决于它的邻居是否在进食或扫描。这个简单的模型既有能力重现以前没有解释过的观察结果，也有能力预测未来实地研究可能证实的羊群行为。例如，模拟显示随着鸟群规模的增加而降低的警惕性（如在现场观察到的），当存在障碍物（如树木）时花费更多的时间进行扫描（如观察到的）以及协调的饲料/扫描模式（当鸟类更频繁地从喂食中抬起头时，预计会变得越来越协调）。数值模型还预测，飞节的几何形状影响警惕。如果两个鸟群的大小相同，那么周长较大的那一个鸟群中的个体将花费更多的时间进行扫描。这一预测可以通过实地研究进行测试，并且已经在两种限制情况下进行了经验观察：鸟类排成一行（高周长，高扫描时间）和鸟类排成一圈（较低周长，较低扫描时间）。正如其多次成功所证明的那样，这种类型的细胞模型是了解鸟群行为的一种强大的新方法。(C)1999年，动物行为研究协会。
Vigilance in flocks can be described and modelled as a plausible set of local interactions between neighbouring birds. Each bird in the modelled flock chooses to feed or to scan based solely on whether or not its neighbours are feeding or scanning. This simple model has the ability both to reproduce observations that have not been previously explained and to predict flock behaviours that might be confirmed with future field studies. Examples include simulations showing decreased vigilance with increased flock size (as observed in the field), greater time spent scanning when obstacles such as trees are present (as observed) and a coordinated feed/scan pattern (that is predicted to become increasingly coordinated when the birds look up from feeding more frequently). The numerical model also predicts that hock geometry influences vigilance. If two flocks are the same size, individuals in the one with the larger perimeter will spend more time scanning. This prediction could be tested with field studies and already has been observed empirically for two limiting cases: birds arranged in a line (high perimeters, high scan times) and birds in a circle (lower perimeters, lower scan times). As demonstrated by its multiple successes, cellular models of this type are a powerful new approach to understanding bird flock behaviours. (C) 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.