Development of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in transitory cholinergic neurons, starburst amacrine cells, and GABAergic amacrine cells of rabbit retina, with implications for previsual and visual development of retinal ganglion cells
Development of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in transitory cholinergic neurons, starburst amacrine cells, and GABAergic amacrine cells of rabbit retina, with implications for previsual and visual development of retinal ganglion cells
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DOI：
10.1017/s0952523810000052
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Sundquist, Sarah J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Famiglietti, Edward V.;Sundquist, Sarah J.
星爆型无长突细胞（SACs）是成年兔视网膜中唯一能释放乙酰胆碱（ACh）的无长突细胞，含有GABA，是视网膜定向选择性（DS）机制的关键元件。与许多其他GABA能AC不同，它们使用谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）（67）而不是GAD（65）来合成GABA。使用免疫细胞化学，我们证明了对乙酰胆碱合成酶胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT），GAD（67）和GABA转运蛋白，GAT I表现出免疫反应性（IR）的暂时性推定AC在出生时（PO）的凋亡。在PO时仅检测到少数完整的、移位的ChAT免疫反应性SAC体。在P2，ChAT-IR检测到的两个狭窄分层基质的星爆状树突内丛状层（IPL）。定量分析表明，出生后第1周，只有一小部分SAC细胞表达ChAT-和GABA-IR，直到第2周末，它们才在所有SAC中表达。在PO，GABA-IR的三层分层存在于IPL中，完全不同于7个基质的成人模式，在P3-P4出现，并且在P13最佳可视化。在P0时，在正常放置的AC体中可检测到GAD（65）。在P1，GAD（65）-IR出现在非星爆型GABA能AC的树突中，到P5，在IPL的四种基质的成人模式中是稳健的。GAD（65）-IR从不与ChAT-IR共定位。在我们的数据与生理学、药理学和超微结构研究的时间比较中，我们认为短暂的ChAT免疫反应细胞与SAC共享神经节细胞（GC）中产生的II期（烟碱）前同步活动波。此外，我们得出结论：（1）GAD（65）-免疫反应性、非SAC GABA能AC最有可能是抑制III期（毒蕈碱/AMPA-红藻氨酸）波的候选者;（2）DS反应首先出现在DS GC中，此时约50%的SAC表达ChAT和GABA-IR，而在100%的DS GC中，此时所有SAC均表达。
Starburst amacrine cells (SACs), the only acetylcholine (ACh)-releasing amacrine cells (ACs) in adult rabbit retina, contain GABA and are key elements in the retina's directionally selective (DS) mechanism. Unlike many other GABAergic ACs, they use glutamic acid decarboxlyase (GAD)(67), not GAD(65), to synthesize GABA. Using immunocytochemistry, we demonstrate the apoptosis at birth (PO) of transitory putative ACs that exhibit immunoreactivity (IR) for the ACh-synthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), GAD(67), and the GABA transporter, GAT I. Only a few intact, displaced ChAT-immunoreactive SAC bodies are detected at PO. At P2, ChAT-IR is detected in the two narrowly stratified substrata of starburst dendrites in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Quantitative analysis reveals that in the first postnatal week, only a small fraction of SACs cells express ChAT- and GABA-IR. Not until the end of the second week are they expressed in all SACs. At PO, a three-tiered stratification of GABA-IR is present in the IPL, entirely different from the adult pattern of seven substrata, emerging at P3-P4, and optimally visualized at P13. At P0, GAD(65) is detectable in normally placed AC bodies. At PI, GAD(65)-IR appears in dendrites of nonstarburst GABAergic ACs, and by P5 is robust in the adult pattern of four substrata in the IPL. GAD(65)-IR never co-localizes with ChAT-IR. In a temporal comparison of our data with physiological, pharmacological, and ultrastructural studies, we suggest that transitory ChAT-immunoreactive cells share with SACs production of stage II (nicotinic) waves of previsual synchronous activity in ganglion cells (GCs). Further, we conclude that (1) GAD(65)-immunoreaetive, non-SAC GABAergic ACs are the most likely candidates responsible for the suppression of stage III (muscarinic/AMPA-kainate) waves and (2) DS responses first appear in DS GCs, when about 50% of SACs express ChAT- and GABA-IR, and in 100% of DS GCs, when expression occurs in all SACs.