Limiting factors for nomadic pastoralism in Mongolian steppe: A hydrologic perspective
Limiting factors for nomadic pastoralism in Mongolian steppe: A hydrologic perspective
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.02.050
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发表时间：
2015-05
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Michiaki Sugita;S. Yoshizawa;I. Byambakhuu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michiaki Sugita;S. Yoshizawa;I. Byambakhuu
在这项研究中，限制因素继续游牧在草原地区进行了研究的基础上水文的角度来看。选择蒙古中部的两个小流域进行水平衡和水文过程评估。我们确定，年降水量的大部分，88-96毫米，蒸发损失（82%），而只有一小部分去地下水排放，地表径流，地下水消耗游牧活动。土壤柱被发现吸收大的波动，降水，虽然它的连接到地下水是非常弱的。因此，地下水补给量非常小，而且在谷底的暴雨事件中很少发生。然而，与牲畜的饮用水需求相比，目前浅层地下水的储水量已被确定足以继续游牧。已查明的主要限制因素是：由于干旱期间土壤水分不足，造成地上生物量减少，暂时缺乏牲畜饲料;传统水井网络的数量和维护水平下降，而传统水井网络由于可利用浅层地下水，使牧民得以迁移到蒙古草原偏远地区条件较好的地区。
In this study, limiting factors for continuing nomadic pastoralism in steppe areas were studied based on a hydrologic perspective. Two small watersheds in central Mongolia were selected for an assessment of water balance and hydrologic processes. We determined that the majority of annual precipitation, ∼88–96 mm, was lost by evaporation (82%) while only a small proportion went to groundwater discharge, surface runoff, and groundwater consumption by nomadic activities. The soil column was found to absorb large fluctuations in precipitation although its connection to groundwater was very weak. Groundwater recharge was, therefore, very small and occurred only rarely during heavy rainfall events in valley bottoms. However, current water storage in shallow groundwater was determined to be quite sufficient for continuing nomadic pastoralism when compared to the drinking water requirements of livestock. The main limiting factors identified were a temporal lack of feed to animals due to a loss of aboveground biomass resulting from soil moisture shortages during drought conditions, and a decline in the number and maintenance level of the traditional well network that, due to access to shallow groundwater, has allowed herders to migrate to areas with better conditions in remote Mongolian steppe.