The mass mortality of oak trees induced by Platypus quercivorus (Murayama) and Platypus calamus Blandford (Coleoptera: Platypodidae). The density and spatial distribution of attack by the beetles.
The mass mortality of oak trees induced by Platypus quercivorus (Murayama) and Platypus calamus Blandford (Coleoptera: Platypodidae). The density and spatial distribution of attack by the beetles.
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由鸭嘴兽（Murayama）和鸭嘴兽菖蒲（鞘翅目：鸭嘴兽科）引起的橡树大规模死亡。
DOI：
10.11519/jjfs1953.73.6_471
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hideo Itami
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Hijii;H. Kajimura;T. Urano;H. Kinuura;Hideo Itami
生物和非生物死亡率的因素尚未得到解释，但一些初步调查表明，树木的死亡可能是由大规模攻击引起的，更有可能是由甲虫带入树木的植物病原微生物引起的。几个类似的研究发现的原因，大规模死亡的南方山毛榉（Nothofagus cunninghamii（HOOK。）OERST.）在澳大利亚南部的研究表明，树木的死亡与扁足甲虫的攻击和引起桃金娘枯萎病的致病丝孢菌的感染密切相关（例如，KILE和步行者，1987; ELLIOTT等，1987年）。槲寄生和菖蒲都被称为食心虫，它们通过其专门的器官--菌囊（mycangia）传播共生的艾德微生物（例如，BATRA，1963; NAKASHIMA，1972），但许多食心虫也被认为携带其他真菌性植物病原体和细菌进入它们在边材深处钻出的通道（NAKASHIMA，1971; BEAVER，1989）。目前还没有什么信息表明，由仙果甲虫传播的微生物种类以及如何与树木的大量死亡有关。此外，也很少有研究探讨的时空模式的感染的鸭足虫物种的活树。
The biotic and abiotic mortality factors have not yet been explained, but some preliminary surveys suggest that the death of the trees may be induced by the mass attack and more likely by phytopathogenic microbes vectored by the beetles into the trees. Several similar studies detecting causes for the mass mortality of the southern beech (Nothofagus cunninghamii (HOOK.) OERST.) in southern Australia show that the deaths of the trees are associated strongly with attacks by platypodid beetles and infection by pathogenic hyphomycetes which cause the myrtle-wilt disease (eg, KILE and WALKER, 1987; ELLIOTT et al., 1987). Both P. quercivorus and P. calamus are known as ambrosia beetles which transmit symbiotically associat ed microorganisms by their specialized organs, mycangia (eg, BATRA, 1963; NAKASHIMA, 1972), but many of the ambrosia beetles also are known to carry other fungal phytopathogens and bacteria into their galleries bored deep into the sapwood (NAKASHIMA, 1971; BEAVER, 1989). There is little information about which and how microbial species conveyed by the ambrosia beetles would be implicated in the mass mortalities of trees. Moreover, few studies have explored also the spatiotemporal patterns of infestation by the platypodid species on living trees.