How to teach a pigeon to maximize overall reinforcement rate.
How to teach a pigeon to maximize overall reinforcement rate.
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如何教导鸽子最大化整体强化率。
DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1995.64-277
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Lawrence Tanz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gene M. Heyman;Lawrence Tanz
在两个实验中，偏离匹配获得更高的整体强化率比匹配。在实验1中，响应比例计算超过360响应移动平均值，更新每个响应。通过逐渐增加的标准，与标称加固比例不同的响应比例有资格进行加固。与匹配没有差异的响应比例没有资格进行强化。当偏差要求相对较小时，应急计划被证明是有效的。然而，答复比例与匹配的差距有多大是有限度的。因此，当偏差要求很大时，整体强化率下降，啄最终消失。在实验2中，在程序中加入了辨别刺激。房子的光与响应比例和名义（编程）的强化比例之间的关系。当反应和强化比例之间的差异满足偏差要求时，灯光为白色，反应符合强化要求。当响应和强化比例之间的差异未能超过偏差要求时，指示灯为蓝色，响应不符合强化条件。随着光的增加，它被证明是可能的形状偏离匹配没有任何明显的限制。因此，在实验2中，整体强化率预测的选择比例和相对强化率没有。与此相反，在以往的实验匹配和整体强化最大化之间的关系，相对强化率通常是更好的预测响应。结果表明，无论是整体或相对强化率更好地预测选择比例可能部分取决于刺激条件。
In two experiments deviations from matching earned higher overall reinforcement rates than did matching. In Experiment 1 response proportions were calculated over a 360-response moving average, updated with each response. Response proportions that differed from the nominal reinforcement proportions, by a criterion that was gradually increased, were eligible for reinforcement. Response proportions that did not differ from matching were not eligible for reinforcement. When the deviation requirement was relatively small, the contingency proved to be effective. However, there was a limit as to how far response proportions could be pushed from matching. Consequently, when the deviation requirement was large, overall reinforcement rate decreased and pecking was eventually extinguished. In Experiment 2 a discriminative stimulus was added to the procedure. The houselight was correlated with the relationship between response proportions and the nominal (programmed) reinforcement proportions. When the difference between response and reinforcement proportions met the deviation requirement, the light was white and responses were eligible for reinforcement. When the difference between response and reinforcement proportions failed to exceed the deviation requirement, the light was blue and responses were not eligible for reinforcement. With the addition of the light, it proved to be possible to shape deviations from matching without any apparent limit. Thus, in Experiment 2 overall reinforcement rate predicted choice proportions and relative reinforcement rate did not. In contrast, in previous experiments on the relationship between matching and overall reinforcement maximization, relative reinforcement rate was usually the better predictor of responding. The results show that whether overall or relative reinforcement rate better predicts choice proportions may in part be determined by stimulus conditions.
人类对强化的并发比率间隔时间表的选择。
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Savastano,HI;Fantino,E
通讯作者：
Fantino,E