Violence at the Margins: Street Gangs, Globalized Conflict and Sri Lankan Tamil Battlefields in London, Toronto and Paris
Violence at the Margins: Street Gangs, Globalized Conflict and Sri Lankan Tamil Battlefields in London, Toronto and Paris
复制标题
边缘暴力：伦敦、多伦多和巴黎的街头帮派、全球化冲突和斯里兰卡泰米尔战场
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Camilla Orjuela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camilla Orjuela
本文探讨了暴力冲突的全球层面，以及散居地和家园暴力之间的相似之处和联系。它通过讨论伦敦、多伦多和巴黎的泰米尔街头帮派来做到这一点。泰米尔侨民在斯里兰卡政府和泰米尔伊拉姆猛虎解放组织（猛虎组织）之间的战争中发挥了关键作用，这场战争在1983年至2009年期间肆虐。尽管泰米尔街头帮派在泰米尔人散居地中是一个边缘现象，但它已成为泰米尔社区内更广泛的恐惧文化的一部分，并可能加强了猛虎组织对散居地的统治和筹款。虽然一些敌对帮派被描述为支持和反对猛虎组织，但帮派暴力不能被解释为斯里兰卡冲突的直接延续，而必须联系居住城市的边缘化和身份认同来理解。在散居地的日常生活中，“帮派”一直是一些年轻泰米尔男子争取尊重、财富和英雄主义的一种方式，它混合了帮派文化和猛虎组织的提法，并建立在种族和地理认同的基础上。更大的泰米尔社区，就其本身而言，一直渴望脱离自己的街头帮派，因为他们威胁到泰米尔人作为守法和适应良好的移民的形象。
This article explores the global dimensions of violent conflict and the parallels and links between violence in the diaspora and the homeland. It does so by discussing Tamil street gangs in London, Toronto and Paris. The Tamil diaspora played a key role in the war between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), which raged between 1983 and 2009. In spite of being a marginal phenomenon in the Tamil diaspora, Tamil street gangs became part of a wider culture of fear within the Tamil community and possibly reinforced the LTTE’s dominance over and fundraising in the diaspora. Although some of the rivalling gangs have been cast as pro- and anti-LTTE, gang violence cannot be interpreted as a direct continuation of conflict from Sri Lanka but has to be understood in relation to marginalization and identification in the city of residence. In everyday life in the diaspora, ‘the gang’ has been a way for some young Tamil men to strive for respect, riches and heroism, employing a mixture of references to gang culture and the LTTE and building on both ethnic and geographical identifications. The larger Tamil community, on its part, has been eager to dissociate itself from the street gangs as they threaten the image of the Tamils as law-abiding and well-adjusted migrants.