Cutting across structural and transcriptomic scales translates time across the lifespan in humans and chimpanzees
Cutting across structural and transcriptomic scales translates time across the lifespan in humans and chimpanzees
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2020.2987
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发表时间：
2021-02-10
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Charvet, Christine J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Charvet, Christine J.
人类认知的独特能力是如何在进化中产生的，这是一个经久不衰的问题。目前还不清楚是哪些发育项目导致了人脑的出现。无法确定人类和类人猿之间的对应年龄，阻碍了检测导致人脑出现的发育程序的进展。我利用解剖、行为和转录变异中的时间变异来确定人类和黑猩猩从胎儿到出生后发育和衰老的相应年龄。这种多维方法在人类和黑猩猩的生命周期中产生了137个相应的时间点，从胚胎44天到大约55岁。我使用这些数据来测试，一旦控制了发育时间表的差异，发育程序，如前额叶皮质(PFC)成熟的时间表，是否会在人类和黑猩猩之间有所不同。我比较了来自结构磁共振(MR)扫描的额叶皮质投射的成熟度，以及用于跟踪黑猩猩和人类的远程投射神经元(即富含颗粒的基因)的基因表达的时间变化。与已经提出的相反，PFC成熟的时间表在人类中并没有异常延长。这个数据集是用来确定人类和黑猩猩相应年龄的最大数据集，它提供了一种严格的方法来控制发育时间表的变化，并确定负责人类大脑独特特征的发育计划。
How the unique capacities of human cognition arose in evolution is a question of enduring interest. It is still unclear which developmental programmes are responsible for the emergence of the human brain. The inability to determine corresponding ages between humans and apes has hampered progress in detecting developmental programmes leading to the emergence of the human brain. I harness temporal variation in anatomical, behavioural and transcriptional variation to determine corresponding ages from fetal to postnatal development and ageing, between humans and chimpanzees. This multi-dimensional approach results in 137 corresponding time points across the lifespan, from embryonic day 44 to approximately 55 years of age, in humans and their equivalent ages in chimpanzees. I used these data to test whether developmental programmes, such as the timeline of prefrontal cortex (PFC) maturation, previously claimed to differ between humans and chimpanzees, do so once variation in developmental schedules is controlled for. I compared the maturation of frontal cortex projections from structural magnetic resonance (MR) scans and from temporal variation in the expression of genes used to track long-range projecting neurons (i.e. supragranular-enriched genes) in chimpanzees and humans. Contrary to what has been suggested, the timetable of PFC maturation is not unusually extended in humans. This dataset, which is the largest with which to determine corresponding ages across humans and chimpanzees, provides a rigorous approach to control for variation in developmental schedules and to identify developmental programmes responsible for unique features of the human brain.