Manganese Toxicity Upon Overexposure: a Decade in Review.
Manganese Toxicity Upon Overexposure: a Decade in Review.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40572-015-0056-x
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Zheng W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Neal SL;Zheng W
接触锰 (Mn) 会导致与帕金森病类似但不相同的临床体征和症状。自 2004 年我们上次对这一主题进行综述以来，过去十年是锰研究史上的繁荣时期。本报告对锰研究领域获得的新知识进行了全面回顾。新数据表明，除了传统上公认的职业性锰中毒之外，锰暴露和随之而来的毒性还发生在各种环境环境、营养来源、受污染的食品、婴儿配方奶粉以及受到自然或人为污染的水、土壤和空气中。通过口服和吸入接触快速吸收到体内后，锰在血液中的半衰期相对较短，但在组织中的半衰期相当长。最近的数据表明，锰在骨骼中大量积累，预计在人体骨骼中的半衰期约为 8-9 年。最近的神经化学分析和同步加速器 X 射线荧光成像研究表明，锰毒性与多巴胺能功能障碍有关。来自人类的证据表明，年龄、性别、种族、遗传和既往病史等个人因素可能对锰毒性产生深远影响。除了基于体液的生物标志物之外，寻找锰暴露生物标志物的新方法还包括脚趾甲中的锰水平、骨骼中锰的无创测量以及功能改变评估。还提供了有关锰中毒的诊断和临床干预的意见和建议。最后，讨论了未来十年的几个热点和有前景的研究领域。
Exposure to manganese (Mn) causes clinical signs and symptoms resembling, but not identical to, Parkinson’s disease. Since our last review on this subject in 2004, the past decade has been a thriving period in the history of Mn research. This report provides a comprehensive review on new knowledge gained in the Mn research field. Emerging data suggest that beyond traditionally recognized occupational manganism, Mn exposures and the ensuing toxicities occur in a variety of environmental settings, nutritional sources, contaminated foods, infant formulas, and water, soil, and air with natural or man-made contaminations. Upon fast absorption into the body via oral and inhalation exposures, Mn has a relatively short half-life in blood, yet fairly long half-lives in tissues. Recent data suggest Mn accumulates substantially in bone, with a half-life of about 8–9 years expected in human bones. Mn toxicity has been associated with dopaminergic dysfunction by recent neurochemical analyses and synchrotron X-ray fluorescent imaging studies. Evidence from humans indicates that individual factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, genetics, and pre-existing medical conditions can have profound impacts on Mn toxicities. In addition to body fluid-based biomarkers, new approaches in searching biomarkers of Mn exposure include Mn levels in toenails, non-invasive measurement of Mn in bone, and functional alteration assessments. Comments and recommendations are also provided with regard to the diagnosis of Mn intoxication and clinical intervention. Finally, several hot and promising research areas in the next decade are discussed.